coberst

Kool-Aid didn’t kill those people.

Transference and suggestibility killed those people.

In October of 1978, surrounded by hundreds of his followers, cult leader Jim Jones was found dead of a gunshot wound to the head; this event took place in Jonestown, Guyana, where the followers of Jones drank the Kool-Aid of group psychology, killing them self by drinking a soft drink laced with cyanide at the cult's sprawling compound.

The images of bodies found at the compound were seared into the consciousness of a generation. The phrase "drank the Kool-Aid" came to describe any blind devotion to a cause or person. It was not the Kool-Aid that killed all of these people but it was a human propensity called transference.

Freud informs us the reason for this form of behavior is the tendency for humans to be suggestible and influenced by a psychic form of transference.

What do the following entities have in common: fascism, capitalism, communism, political parties, and religions? They all have a common characteristic that can be called “group mind”.

What is striking is that members of these entities often undergo a major change in behavior just by being members of such entities. Under certain conditions individuals who become members of these groups behave differently than they would as individuals. These individuals acquire the characteristics of a ‘psychological group’.

What is the nature of the ‘group mind’, i.e. the mental changes such individuals undergo as a result of becoming a group?

A bond develops much like cells which constitute a living body—group mind is more of an unconscious than a conscious force—there are motives for action that elude conscious attention—distinctiveness and individuality become group behavior based upon unconscious motives—there develops a sentiment of invincible power, anonymous and irresponsible attitudes--repressions of unconscious forces under normal situations are ignored—conscience which results from social anxiety disappear.

Contagion sets in—hypnotic order becomes prevalent—individuals sacrifice personal interest for the group interest.

Suggestibility, of which contagion is a symptom, leads to the lose of conscious personality—the individual follows suggestions for actions totally contradictory to person conscience—hypnotic like fascination sets in—will and discernment vanishes—direction is taken from the leader in an hypnotic like manner—the conscious personality disappears.

“Moreover, by the mere fact that he forms part of an organized group, a man descends several rungs in the ladder of civilization.” Isolated, he may be a cultivated individual; in a crowd, he is a barbarian—a creature acting by instinct. “He possesses the spontaneity, the violence, the ferocity, and also the enthusiasm and heroism of primitive beings.”

There is a lowering of intellectual ability “pointing to its similarity with the mental life of primitive people and of children…A group is credulous and easily influenced”—the improbable seldom exists—they think in images—feelings are very simple and exaggerated—the group knows neither doubt nor uncertainty—extremes are prevalent, antipathy becomes hate and suspicion becomes certainty.

Force is king—force is respected and obeyed without question—kindness is weakness—tradition is triumphant—words have a magical power—supernatural powers are easily accepted—groups never thirst for truth, they demand illusions—the unreal receives precedence over the real—the group is an obedient herd—prestige is a source for domination, however it “is also dependent upon success, and is lost in the event of failure”.

Psychology is a domain of knowledge that is complex and filled with concepts that are completely unfamiliar to the vast majority of our population. But Psychology provides us with an insight into why humans do what they do that no other domain of knowledge can provide.

Sapiens are at heart slavish. Therein lay the rub, as Shakespeare might say.

Humans seek to be more than animals. We seek to be gods or at least propagate that level above animal and just below God.

That which promotes life is good that which promotes death is evil. “Evil lies not in the hearts of men but in the social arrangements that men take for granted.”

Wo/man lives a debased life under tyranny and self delusion because s/he does not comprehend the conditions of natural freedom. Sapiens need hope and belief in themselves; thus illusion is necessary if it is creative for life, but is evil if it promotes death.

A psychodynamic analysis of history displays saga of death, destruction, and coercion from the outside while inside we see self-delusion and self enslavement. We seek mystification. We seek transference; we seek hypnotists as our chosen leaders.

We seek the power to ward off big evil by reflexively embracing small terrors and small fascinations in the place of overwhelming ones.

Freud was the first to focus upon the phenomenon of a patient’s inclination to transfer the feelings s/he had toward her parents as a child to the physician. The patient distorts the perception of the physician; s/he enlarges the figure up far out of reason and becomes dependent upon him. In this transference of feeling, which the patient had for his parents, to the physician the grown person displays all the characteristics of the child at heart, a child who distorts reality in order to relieve his helplessness and fears.

Freud saw these transference phenomena as the form of human suggestibility that makes the control over another, as displayed by hypnosis, as being possible. Hypnosis seems mysterious and mystifying to us only because we hide our slavish need for authority from our self. We live the big lie, which lay within this need to submit our self slavishly to another, because we want to think of our self as self-determined and independent in judgment and choice.

[b]The predisposition to hypnosis is identical to that which gives rise to transference and it is characteristic of all sapiens.]/b] We could not function as adults if we retained this submissive attitude to our parents, however, this attitude of submissiveness, as noted by Ferenczi, is “The need to be subject to someone remains; only the part of the father is transferred to teachers, superiors, impressive personalities; the submissive loyalty to rulers that is so widespread is also a transference of this sort.”

Freud saw immediately that when caught up in groups wo/man became dependent children once again. They abandoned their individual egos for that of the leader; they identified with their leader and proceeded to function with him as their ideal. Freud identified man, not as a herd animal but as a horde (teeming crowd) animal that is led by a chief. Wo/man has an insatiable need for authority.

People have an insatiable need to be hypnotized by authority; they seek a magical protection as when they were infants protected by their mother. This is the force that acts to hold groups together, intertwined within a mutually constructed but often mindless interdependence. This mindless group think also builds a feeling of potency. The members feel a sense of unity within the grasp of their leadership.

‘Why are groups so blind and stupid?’ Freud asked; and he replied that mankind lived by self delusion. They “constantly give what is unreal precedence over what is real.” The real world is too frightening to behold; delusion changes this by making sapiens seem important. This explains the terrible sadism we see in group activity.

I have read that some consider objectivism to be a cult rather than a philosophy; I asked my self what is the difference between a philosophy and an ideology. I turned to Freud and his book “Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego” for my answer. I discovered that Freud had turned to the Frenchman Gustave Le Bon for an understanding of group behavior.

Gustave Le Bon was a French social psychologist, sociologist, and amateur physicist. His work on crowd psychology became important in the first half of the twentieth century. Le Bon was one of the great popularizers of theories of the unconscious at a critical moment in the formation of new theories of sociology.
English translation Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, was explicitly based on a critique of Le Bon's work. The quotes and short phrases in this post are from this book.

Hain

Please forgive me, I am an idiot when the question is not in front of my face. What philosophical point did you want to address? Is objectivity attainable? Is there a difference between a philosophy and an ideology? Is hypnosis wrong? Is a good society an illusion? Is humanity's quest to be like God fruitless? Is promoting life inherently good while promoting death inherently evil?

As I understood it: ideology is what I hold to be true; philosophy was the methodology to attaining my ideology.

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Plan9

Human nature to organize in this way. I think that humans are always looking for hierarchy, that such a rank structure is always present in societies regardless of philosophical ideals. I feel that we define ourselves based on not being equals, on a class system with those who have and those who don't, those who are rich and those who are turnip-eaters, those who fight and those who are protected, male and female, one skin pigmentation versus another, etc.

I don't see it as "hardcore mania" as expressed above, though. The rebellious side of the human animal embraces changing the system to make it more favorable to the individual as much as it wants to adhere to it as it is good for everyone.

We like how the streets are paved in taxpayer-provided asphalt and our trash is collected every Thursday, but we don't like to follow the speed limit signs and, on the superficial side, we'll go to great lengths to decorate our organic vessels with clothing, tattoos, piercings, and other material expressions of how we self-segregate in society. Other "deviations" may be our sudden change in career choice, hobbies, and social / physical activities.

I feel that we have a threshold to how much we want to belong as a failsafe despite how we exercise most of our rebellion in fantasy.

__________________
Whatever you can carry.

"You should not drink... and bake."

Ustwo

My money is on the kool-aid.

__________________
Agents of the enemies who hold office in our own government, who attempt to eliminate our "freedoms" and our "right to know" are posting among us, I fear.....on this very forum. - host

Obama - Know a Man by the friends he keeps.

Ourcrazymodern?

My individual packaging tells me Freud was more wrong than right. At least he was willing to make statements as though they were truths.
MAYBE this is a good thing.
I hope never to be more attached to any group than I am to myself...pass the Kool-ade.

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BE JUST AND FEAR NOT

coberst

I don't think so.

Examples of ideology are religion, capitalism, communism, political parties, etc. There are many different philosophies also and I guess sometimes a philosophy becomes an ideology as is the case with objectivism which might be considered as a cult to Ian Rand.

Hain

@ Coberst:
Thanks for the kind support. I still see too many philosophical debates that can spawn from this article, not all are as relevant as psychological need for hierarchy ("Is a good society an illusion?")...

...Done here...

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telekinetic

My money is on the poison that was IN the kool-aid.

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twisted no more

Hain

"Hey guys, since when has TFP served punch?"

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Willravel

FYI, it's called groupthink, not group mind. But you're on the right track.

ottopilot

I find that punch and knuckle sandwiches go together like moon-pies and RC.

__________________
"It rubs the lotion on Buffy, Jodi and Mr. French's skin" - Uncle Bill from Buffalo

Plan9

__________________
Whatever you can carry.

"You should not drink... and bake."

Ustwo

I dunno, have you TRIED Kool-aid?

__________________
Agents of the enemies who hold office in our own government, who attempt to eliminate our "freedoms" and our "right to know" are posting among us, I fear.....on this very forum. - host

Obama - Know a Man by the friends he keeps.

Plan9

Great Bluedini is pretty horrible when compared to other possible beverages like piss or Pabst Blue Ribbon.

__________________
Whatever you can carry.

"You should not drink... and bake."

coberst

Ideology makes the world-go-round and we know less than nothing about ideology because knowing mostly that which is erroneous is equivalent to knowing less-than-nothing.

Ideology is my label for the fundamental matrix of shared coherent beliefs by a social group. An ideology is an umbrella giving coherence to a group of beliefs that allows for the integration quickly of new beliefs. Ideology is a matrix of ideas systematically biased by a social group for the interest of that social group.

It appears to me that ideology is not a subject matter for much study by our universities and colleges. I suspect such to be the case because ideologies do not want the people to become familiar with what ideology is and how it works. If we understand what ideologies are about we will not be so easily manipulated.

I think that anyone wishing to understand ideology and the power it welds must search out its meaning without a great deal of help from those who might be expected to do such things. University professors receive grants from corporations for research and I suspect such funds for the study of ideology are scarce for that reason. I suspect it is always a good idea to “follow the money” when considering such things.

Plan9

i·de·ol·o·gy [ahy-dee-ol-uh-jee, id-ee-] –noun, plural -gies.
1. the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group.
2. such a body of doctrine, myth, etc., with reference to some political and social plan, as that of fascism, along with the devices for putting it into operation.
3. Philosophy.
a. the study of the nature and origin of ideas.
b. a system that derives ideas exclusively from sensation.
4. theorizing of a visionary or impractical nature.

...

All these big words scare me. I feel much better now.

__________________
Whatever you can carry.

"You should not drink... and bake."

Ourcrazymodern?

Ideas
rear their ugly heads
and prevail.

__________________
BE JUST AND FEAR NOT

ottopilot

I think what may have happened was that they used the unsweetened Kool-Aid. And as you may recall, Jim Jones always wore those big dark sunglasses...

Now, it could be possible that while during a camp blackout exercise (they were vigilant regarding potential aerial assault) Jim simply grabbed the big unmarked bag of poison that they kept next to the sugar by mistake. The rest is (as THEY say) history.

__________________
"It rubs the lotion on Buffy, Jodi and Mr. French's skin" - Uncle Bill from Buffalo

analog

i actually love kool-aid. Grape/cherry mix is the best.

Ourcrazymodern?

Except that Jones and I were contemporaries, I might have been him in a vastly different former life.
Seriously, these people were all perverts, wishing. Their leader took them nowhere. It's a blip on the screen.

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BE JUST AND FEAR NOT