There are a number of stories about monks going out of their way to avoid killing sentient beings. In my mind Jains are very extreme on this, while Buddhists tend to do their best considering the circumstances at hand and the Middle-Way doctrines. As sipsake mentioned, intent has everything to do with it. There is even a story about a highly realized individual (maybe the Buddha in a prior life) killing a bandit who was threatening those around him on the boat they were all traveling in. The lesser evil, I guess.
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