I think a lot of philosophers discussed the idea of categorization. I wrote a paper on Nietzsche's theory of language that might be what you're referring to. It's been a while but basically Nietzsche's thesis was what you said, when we categorize or label things we lose the objects true essence. Pretty much the opposite of Plato's theory which was that essences or forms are reality and their representations are less real. In the end I didn't really agree with Nietzsches philosophy although I can't remember why. Plato's philosophy is too far-fetched to be believable to me.
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