The best I can think of is Hardy's Paradox, discovered (quite technically) in studying quantum mechanics.
Hardy's paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A non-technical explanation I found: "Hardy's Paradox, the axiom that we cannot make inferences about past events that haven't been directly observed while also acknowledging that the very act of observation affects the reality we seek to unearth"
I reckon there is a layman's (philosophical) analogue to the concept, but I'm not familiar with it.