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I don't know about competitive sprinting sports, but for joggers/marathoners, running with small steps have helped my shin splints improve a lot. What the basic method is, is counting right steps within a 30 second time frame. Ideally, you want to have 45 right foot heal strikes per 30 seconds (meaning 180 steps per minute).
The small steps greatly reduce impact, and thereby, help in preventing injury.
Second, your body is like a machine. Machines run well when aligned properly. I have severe flat foot, so I tend to pronate (? not sure...eitherway my natural gait bends inwards). Running with an unstable foot is like driving a car with a loose wheel--the instability will eventually cause problems. My former PT taught me to practice balancing with one foot while the other foot raises up and down (15 reps/foot). This promotes stability in the ankle region.
Finally, stretches and squats. You want your lower body to be well developed and biomechanically aligned and strong.
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