The don't ask don't tell policy reflects the massive amount of fraternization policies the military has. It's not as simple as who can or can't date who, it extends all the way to friendships between officers and enlisted.
"That's dumb" you're thinking.. and it can be if enforced wrong.. "That has nothing to do with homosexuality" you're also thinking, just let me explain.
The sole reason the military has these restrictions is they do not want ANYTHING affecting the mentality of the soldier in combat. They do not want the man (or woman) altering their military decisions based on a sexual tie. During the best of situations it can lead to rash and unwise decisions which WILL get people killed. During the inevitable breakup/fights/arguments/infidelity/etc which will happen during relationships, it will affect moral, decision making, concentration on battlefield objectives, and most of all trust of the fellow soldier within the unit. With homosexuality we have the added possible complications of homophobia and the possibilities of of certain soldiers refusing to share foxholes/showers/etc. (yes I know, eventually they'll get over it like racial separations, but one step at a time). So the policy of the military is exclude anything which will be detrimental to the combat effectiveness as much as possible.
Now on to your other questions, Muslims do serve in India as police and military. There are racial prohibitions in various African countries, such as Sudan and other genocidal regiems. There are religious prohibitions in many Muslim countries, but then again in Saudi Arabia it's illegal to be a citizen and not be Muslim. In more places, like Syria/etc it's not in the books that I'm aware of, but there's no way you'd be in the military/police/government and not be Muslim. In Lebanon the military is set by law X% Muslim/Marionite Christian/Druze, as their government is.
Anyways, hope this helps.
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"Smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge, and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth." - Ashbel Smith as he laid the first cornerstone of the University of Texas
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