You'd have to go through the official list of psychological disorders (the previously mentioned DSM IV) and decide for yourself which ones you think are worthy of being excused. All function, on some level, by the chemical (im)balances in the brain. I guess you'll have to decide what level of imbalance you're willing to excuse.
For me, it's any situation where a chemical imbalance in a person's brain causes the behavior we observe. This, of course, does not include anything taken into the body which (in any way) produces this effect, like drugs or alcohol.
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