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Actually, I don't think having a body is necessary for consciousness; I think it's necessary for human consciousness (in analogy to the statement that eyes are necessary for human visual perception -- some creatures have visual perception, but don't have eyes).
In brief answer to your second question, consciousness is an emergent property of the brain, kinda like wetness is an emergent property of water.
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"Die Deutschen meinen, daß die Kraft sich in Härte und Grausamkeit offenbaren müsse, sie unterwerfen sich dann gerne und mit Bewunderung:[...]. Daß es Kraft giebt in der Milde und Stille, das glauben sie nicht leicht."
"The Germans believe that power must reveal itself in hardness and cruelty and then submit themselves gladly and with admiration[...]. They do not believe readily that there is power in meekness and calm."
-- Friedrich Nietzsche
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