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was it by will that these ants opened the ceilings?
1- if it was by will.. Will is based on knowledge that air is going to be good for the community. How did they get this knowledge.
2- If it was by an accident that the ant knocked of the sand with its foot and air came in, then that information will not be recorded in the DNA for its offspring.
3- If it was by instinct then were did the instinct come from?
=> Therefor the only possibily left is they were programmed.
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No, it wasn't by will, and neither was it any of your other options. As I stated initially, and I quote:
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Originally Posted by nezmot
By accident, some of these ants might be <b>predisposed</b> to building structures with basic holes in their ceilings
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Or in easier language, it was an accidendal (mutation) change in the 'program' (the genetically defined behavioral rules) that the ants followed that might have allowed for crude holes to be built into the roofs of their nests.
If you want to follow this all the way up to microbes swimming up chemical gradients, then be my guest - but hopefully you will have figured it out by now.