Frogs will get in, don't worry about that.
As for the koi, no, they will NOT live off sediment and the likes.
Koi will eventually attain a size of 3'/1m, and can put on 3-6" a year when young, slowing down as they get older.
They need to be fed from when the temperature is above 10c early spring, to right until it drops back down in late august.
What kind of gallonage is this pond, or what are the rough dimensions, do you have any filtration in there?
Sorry about all the questions, but i work with fish and ponds for a living, and i've got a personal duty of care i like to extend to it.
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