Vitamin D May Prevent Arthritis at least according to WebMD
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Other things, that I have heard of for the prevention of Osteoporosis, not exactly arthritis, but is a weaking of the bones, is to not smoke, cut back on alchohol, exercise regularly, including weight bearing exercise, to strengthen the muscles.
I have a long family history of arthristis, based on what doctors have told me, I thought it was genetic to some degree, so if you are concerned about it, you can always have a bone density test done at regular intervals to see how you are doing.