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Old 04-16-2010, 11:13 AM   #1 (permalink)
 
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goldman sachs charged with subprime fraud

Quote:
Goldman accused of subprime fraud

By Alan Rappeport in New York

Published: April 16 2010 16:11 | Last updated: April 16 2010 19:11

US authorities accused Goldman Sachs of fraud on Friday over a subprime mortgage security that caused $1bn-plus in losses to investors, in the toughest regulatory response so far to the excesses of the credit-bubble era.

News of the civil action by the Securities and Exchange Commission wiped more than $12bn off Goldman’s market value, cast doubt over the future of the bank’s leadership team and business model and rocked other Wall Street banks.

In the first of what promises to be a series of actions over banks’ roles in the financial crisis, the SEC accused Goldman and one of its vice-presidents of failing to disclose that the hedge fund Paulson & Co had a major role in creating a collaterised debt obligation, a security that was backed by subprime mortgages, in 2007.

Goldman denied the charges and vowed to “vigorously contest them and defend the firm and its reputation”.

But news of the SEC charges knocked its shares and intensified speculation over the position of Lloyd Blankfein, its chief executive. The SEC said Goldman’s “senior-level management” approved the CDO but did not name any executives.

In afternoon trading, Goldman shares were down nearly 12 per cent to 162.18 – above the $115 at which Warren Buffett, who injected $5bn into the bank in the crisis, has the right to buy.

The plunge in Goldman’s stock dragged down shares in other banks amid fears the SEC’s months-long investigation into Wall Street’s subprime dealings will target other institutions. The Dow Jones Industrial Average was also in the red, falling more than 1 per cent by early afternoon.

The civil complaint alleges that, Goldman and Fabrice Tourre, one of its vice-presidents, hid from investors the fact that Paulson & Co, which has not been charged, had a heavy hand in influencing the composition of the loans that made up the synthetic CDO. Mr Tourre could not be reached.

The regulators further claim that Mr Paulson’s firm pushed for low-quality loans to be included in the CDO because he was shorting the security through a separate agreement with Goldman that was not disclosed to investors.

Goldman told investors that the loans had been selected by ACA, an independent firm - a statement that prompted investors such as the German bank IKB - to buy the security - the SEC claims.

“The product was new and complex but the deception and conflicts are old and simple,” said Robert Khuzami, SEC director of enforcement. “Goldman wrongly permitted a client that was betting against the mortgage market to heavily influence which mortgage securities to include in an investment portfolio.”

Within nine months of the creation of the CDO, 99 per cent of its loans had been downgraded, yielding Paulson & Co a profit of $1bn. Investors around the globe including IKB, which became the first casualty of the credit crisis in July 2007, lost $1bn, the complaint said.

Goldman made $15m-$20m from the CDO, according to the SEC, and a further $841m when ABN Amro, the Dutch bank that had taken on the risk associated with a tranche of the CDO, had to pay out. Most of the ABN Amro payment went to Paulson & Co, according to the SEC.

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2010. Print a single copy of this article for personal use. Contact us if you wish to print more to distribute to others.
FT.com / Companies / Banks - Goldman accused of subprime fraud

here's a link to the full text of the sec complaint against goldman sachs:
http://media.ft.com/cms/9e6480f0-497...144feab49a.pdf

here an edito from the financial times on this fiasco, which outlines the situation pretty well:
FT.com / Comment / Editorial - SEC takes off the gloves on Goldman


i think this is interesting...the story is still taking shape and i am in the mines so haven't really time to develop as comprehensive op as i'd like, but i think the approach at once a good thing and also curiously limited in that there were systemic problems around the subprime/mortgage backed securities businesses...and going after goldman as the first move seems a version of the "bad apple" idea...the system is in itself legitimate/functional except for distortions introduced by a few rogue elements.
but at the same time, there seems from the material that's publicly available that the charges are merited.

and it's interesting to read the financial times arguing that if the charges are true that the book should be thrown at goldman.

what i am wondering is whether in their effort to defend themselves goldman will open this onto the systemic problems that attended this derivatives trading and in the process open the way to far more regulation of cowboy capitalism than is on the table already.

what are your thoughts?



===
addendum:

what the sec is, what it can and cannot do:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Se...nge_Commission

another bullet-pointy summary of the sec's charges against goldman:
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/sec...k=MW_news_stmp

and another, from truth out:
http://www.truthout.org/government-c...ith-fraud58633

i post all this stuff because it's not obvious what the charges are really about nor what the consequences of their being filed will ultimately be.
but it is a step.
my pollyanna side thinks, as i mentioned above, that the financial oligarchy could find itself being brought under the control of the legal apparatus that functions, particular under the rubric of "free markets," to protect them (and not regular people from them.)
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Old 04-16-2010, 12:29 PM   #2 (permalink)
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there are a big string of great Rolling Stone articles about the subprime fraud, all worth reading. The big players on Wall Street were (and still are) all total cretins
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Old 04-16-2010, 12:30 PM   #3 (permalink)
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If the charges are true, then there is no doubt that there was wrongdoing and that goldman should get nailed.

This area of the meltdown is absolutely the part where corporate inpropriety existed. These subprime mortgages became, in essence, the hot potato of commodity trading. Everyone would buy them and then pass them on quickly before getting "caught" with them when it all tumbled down. To this end, few seemed ethical enough to resist the temptation of high profits for big fees and admit the risk was simply to great to take.

One has to consider that, if these loans had not been insured by "too big to fail" (FDIC, Freddie, Fannie) stuff, they would not have existed. No bank would have written these loans unless
a) they were forced to.
b) they knew they could sell them quickly.
c) they knew if they failed they would get bailed out.

The problem, at its core, is that loans were created which should have NEVER been written. There are more entities than just greedy banks responsible for these loans.
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Old 04-16-2010, 12:45 PM   #4 (permalink)
 
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this is a systemic matter to my mind.

at the center of this farce were the ratings agencies. without moody's or standard and poor rating these devices as A or above the trade would not have been possible in anything like the way it was. and it's obvious from all research so far that no-one, including the people are these agencies, actually knew what the devices were that they were rating or buying or selling. and it didn't matter: velocity was the friend of every trading house.

don't forget that there was almost **nothing** in the way of oversight from the state and that a direct result of all that neo-liberal nonsense about "free markets" and "enlightened self-interest" and all that. hell, greenspan even opposed setting up a clearinghouse for derivatives that would have introduced a **little** transparency into the whole trade.

and it was driven by a real estate bubble that everyone knew was a bubble.
but somehow or another Neo-liberalism and greed allowed folk to convince themselves that this was unlike other bubbles, something much bigger that would unfold its bubbleness over an eternity.

this is the crux of my personal ambivalence about this. it seems a very narrow charge that is aimed at giving a sense of redress for a very very large event that seems very very criminal in that way that only contemporary capitalism can. you know, that bland criminality, the kind that wears suits with little american flags pinned on them.
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Old 04-16-2010, 12:56 PM   #5 (permalink)
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Ah, but capitalism was not at play here. It was the promise from the government to protect these companies that gave them the room to play. Take away the parachute, and no one jumps. To say this was "capitalism" isn't fair. Capitalism requires a risk/reward model to be relevant here. There was no risk for these companies - which is evident in the fact that all of them got huge bailouts as soon as they got caught with the hot potato. This revelation exposes the greed of some individuals, it can not be an indictment against a system which did not exist at the time of the event.
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Old 04-16-2010, 01:12 PM   #6 (permalink)
 
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strange but i think there's a veneer of almost common ground in our basic hostility toward the contemporary american financial oligarchy...but as soon as we move off from there things diverge.

i think it's entirely crazy to see positive state action--something the feds actually did---an enabling condition here. it was much more that greenspan and the sec and alot of other folk actually bought into the washington consensus nonsense that capitalism---which is a form of ownership, a type of production---was self-regulating and that "government" introduced distortions.

there's no question but that this was capitalism.
your argument is an extreme version of another i think: the one that was talking about the "removal of moral hazard" during the final deathspin of the bush period when the free marketeer set was bewildered as to why wall street wasn't simply allowed to implode as if the problem was discrete--a limited market operating under conditions of information transparency like something hayek dreamed about---when the fact is that the entire gloablizing capitalist political and economic system was put into danger because it was not just wall street traders who had bought into derivatives--it was the transnational banking system and **alot** of governments, all of whom at one level or another bought into the same neoliberal delusion that capitalist markets are rational.
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Old 04-16-2010, 02:05 PM   #7 (permalink)
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Cimarron29414 View Post
If the charges are true, then there is no doubt that there was wrongdoing and that goldman should get nailed.

This area of the meltdown is absolutely the part where corporate inpropriety existed. These subprime mortgages became, in essence, the hot potato of commodity trading. Everyone would buy them and then pass them on quickly before getting "caught" with them when it all tumbled down. To this end, few seemed ethical enough to resist the temptation of high profits for big fees and admit the risk was simply to great to take.

One has to consider that, if these loans had not been insured by "too big to fail" (FDIC, Freddie, Fannie) stuff, they would not have existed. No bank would have written these loans unless
a) they were forced to.
b) they knew they could sell them quickly.
c) they knew if they failed they would get bailed out.

The problem, at its core, is that loans were created which should have NEVER been written. There are more entities than just greedy banks responsible for these loans.
The FDIC has nothing to do with it, so I don't know what you are talking about there. Freddie and Fannie, while they had something to do with it, is far from being the main culprit.
Had it been about that, the bail out of Freddie and Fannie would have been enough to stop the crisis.

The problem that generated the crisis was strictly in the derivatives market and the underestimation of risk, in a system with a significant conflict of interest as the risk agencies are paid by those they are rating.
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Old 04-16-2010, 03:24 PM   #8 (permalink)
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it was the fact that their lobbyists were influencing (cough*writing*cough) the very policies that they were exploiting
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Old 04-16-2010, 03:43 PM   #9 (permalink)
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Quote:
Originally Posted by roachboy View Post
this is a systemic matter to my mind.

at the center of this farce were the ratings agencies. without moody's or standard and poor rating these devices as A or above the trade would not have been possible in anything like the way it was. and it's obvious from all research so far that no-one, including the people are these agencies, actually knew what the devices were that they were rating or buying or selling. and it didn't matter: velocity was the friend of every trading house.
It does seem almost criminal doesn't it? I remember reading a while back that some of the people working at the rating agencies wanted to evaluate the underlying mortgages (tape) but were instructed by their bosses to just assume that all was in order and rate accordingly. Apparently there is a lot of pressure to rate high. I guess I don't understand how these rating agencies work; I use to think they were controlled by the government.
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Old 04-16-2010, 05:15 PM   #10 (permalink)
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No, the ratings agencies are private companies which charge the companies being rated for their services. They used to charge subscribers for information, but now those being rated foot the bill. I.e., if company X wants to sell bonds or whatever, it pays a percentage of the total offering to the agency in exchange for the rating. Add to that the fact that these rating agencies often offer consulting to the companies they rate. Finally, the rating agencies sometimes rate an instrument without being requested to do so. So there is always this threat of an "unfriendly" rating in case a company decides to take their business elsewhere.

Frank Partnoy has written extensively on the subject, and though I think he stops short of some of the interesting questions, a google search should find several of his articles on rating agencies and the conflict of interest they face.
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Old 04-16-2010, 05:18 PM   #11 (permalink)
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The FDIC has nothing to do with it, so I don't know what you are talking about there. Freddie and Fannie, while they had something to do with it, is far from being the main culprit.
Had it been about that, the bail out of Freddie and Fannie would have been enough to stop the crisis.

The problem that generated the crisis was strictly in the derivatives market and the underestimation of risk, in a system with a significant conflict of interest as the risk agencies are paid by those they are rating.
You are right. I typed FDIC, but meant FED. Although, I did think that HUD and/or HNA loans are somehow backed by the FDIC. Is that not correct?

Bottom line, the FED kept rates low and in line with the prevailing banking AND political wind of the time - the politicians wanted people who couldn't afford them to buy houses. The FED enabled the behavior by keeping rates low and creating a huge amount of cheap, available money for people to use. The bankers knew they could just sell the loan and dump the mortgage on Freddie/Fannie, then take the same money and go sell another mortgage. Freddie and Fannie would buy those loans because there was big money in the fees and they knew they would be bailed out by the Federal government because it was the federal government who wanted people who couldn't afford them to buy houses. The derivatives guys knew they were too big to fail and had lobbied for years to have the government look the other way while they wheeled along.
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Old 04-16-2010, 06:29 PM   #12 (permalink)
 
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Cimarron29414 View Post
You are right. I typed FDIC, but meant FED. Although, I did think that HUD and/or HNA loans are somehow backed by the FDIC. Is that not correct?

Bottom line, the FED kept rates low and in line with the prevailing banking AND political wind of the time - the politicians wanted people who couldn't afford them to buy houses. The FED enabled the behavior by keeping rates low and creating a huge amount of cheap, available money for people to use. The bankers knew they could just sell the loan and dump the mortgage on Freddie/Fannie, then take the same money and go sell another mortgage. Freddie and Fannie would buy those loans because there was big money in the fees and they knew they would be bailed out by the Federal government because it was the federal government who wanted people who couldn't afford them to buy houses. The derivatives guys knew they were too big to fail and had lobbied for years to have the government look the other way while they wheeled along.
It had more to do with the SEC than the Fed

A bit of recent history: Henry Paulson, former chairman of Goldman Sachs and later Bush Treasury Secretary, and Chris Cox at the SEC:
Quote:
In 2004, at the request of the major Wall Street investment houses—including Goldman Sachs, then headed by Paulson—the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission agreed unanimously to release the major investment houses from the net capital rule, the requirement that their brokerages hold reserve capital that limited their leverage and risk exposure. The complaint put forth by the investment banks was of increasingly onerous regulatory requirements—in this case, not U.S. regulator oversight, but European Union regulation of the foreign operations of US investment groups. In the immediate lead-up to the decision, EU regulators also acceded to US pressure, and agreed not to scrutinize foreign firms' reserve holdings if the SEC agreed to do so instead. The 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, however, put the parent holding company of each of the big American brokerages beyond SEC oversight. In order for the agreement to go ahead, the investment banks lobbied for a decision that would allow "voluntary" inspection of their parent and subsidiary holdings by the SEC.

During this repeal of the net capital rule, SEC Chairman William H. Donaldson agreed to the establishment of a risk management office that would monitor signs of future problems. This office was eventually dismantled by Chairman Christopher Cox, after discussions with Paulson. According to the New York Times, "While other financial regulatory agencies criticized a blueprint by Treasury Secretary Mr. Paulson proposing to reduce their stature — and that of the S.E.C. — Mr. Cox did not challenge the plan, leaving it to three former Democratic and Republican commission chairmen to complain that the blueprint would neuter the agency."[12]

In late September 2008, Chairman Cox and the other Commissioners agreed to end the 2004 program of voluntary regulation.

Henry Paulson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gutting the SEC's regulatory oversight of the "net capital rule" was to blame, not the Fed.

The Financial Services Modernization Act, initiated by the Republican Congress and passed by Clinton in '99 that virtually repealed Glass-Steagall, tore down the wall between commercial banking and investment banking, and effectively de-regulated banking/financial services, also bears some blame.
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Old 04-16-2010, 09:28 PM   #13 (permalink)
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This was a case of fraud, not capitalism.

Hang 'em High....

Ok maybe that won't happen. Hit Goldman Sachs with enough fines and restrictions to sink the company in the eyes of the public. This is the only way to prevent any other companies from attempting to get away with the same crap (which we all know they're doing).

How could (or should) a consulting company survive when it blatantly lies to the people they're consulting in order to profit betting against said customers?
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Old 04-17-2010, 02:50 PM   #14 (permalink)
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I personally think this was boiling from the law of 1913 to take away the gold backed dollar. This is what happens when you invent a private corporation to give loans to EVERYONE who uses the dollar. I feel that the Brenton Woods act was the nail in the coffin that came out and said, "look at what we are doing!" right in our faces. Our Keynesian economics that this country runs on, will have its issues.

This just shows why this type of economy is ok for a little bit but hard to sustain because our scales of who should always be on the top in our Republic, this type of economy flips that scale and us the people get the shaft. it goes against what this country was built on.


I also feel that a discussion like this of "who did what" or trying to find out the real culprit is why Keynesian economics was good for the uber rich to implement. No one really can pinpoint it because we live in a system that was a "theory."

my opinion of course.
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Old 04-17-2010, 03:27 PM   #15 (permalink)
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yes, there can be too much of a 'good' thing. it is totally an indictment of unchecked capitalism which is the stage name for unchecked greed. take the lumps and move on. hopefully we will have learned a lesson, which won't happen if we try to blame everyone other than those who were making the money. and, by default, the system that enabled them.
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Old 04-17-2010, 03:44 PM   #16 (permalink)
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I'm currently, very slowly, working my way through Andrew Ross Sorkin's "Too Big to Fail." I saw him on the Daily Show and got the book from a friend. The book is freaking huge but it methodically walks you through how the lack of regulation allowed a select few to get very rich by screwing a whole bunch of people. Sorkin seems to be convinced every melt down we've had has been the result of lack of regulations. I think he's right. Until DC moves to make changes we'll keep having these melt downs from time to time complete with a select few walking away with a ton of cash.
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Old 04-17-2010, 03:52 PM   #17 (permalink)
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It will be interesting to see whether the congressional republicans can pull off their faux populism now that they've come out against doing anything to prevent this type of thing from happening in the future.
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Old 04-17-2010, 04:59 PM   #18 (permalink)
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This hasn't stopped the good folks at Goldman's from handing sacks of cash...

Story here
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Old 04-17-2010, 09:11 PM   #19 (permalink)
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Originally Posted by blktour View Post
I personally think this was boiling from the law of 1913 to take away the gold backed dollar. This is what happens when you invent a private corporation to give loans to EVERYONE who uses the dollar. I feel that the Brenton Woods act was the nail in the coffin that came out and said, "look at what we are doing!" right in our faces. Our Keynesian economics that this country runs on, will have its issues.

This just shows why this type of economy is ok for a little bit but hard to sustain because our scales of who should always be on the top in our Republic, this type of economy flips that scale and us the people get the shaft. it goes against what this country was built on.


I also feel that a discussion like this of "who did what" or trying to find out the real culprit is why Keynesian economics was good for the uber rich to implement. No one really can pinpoint it because we live in a system that was a "theory."

my opinion of course.
Huh? The gold standard was in place until the 30s, and Bretton Woods put in place a system that was very similar to the gold standard, the main difference being that the US took the role of guaranteeing the whole system by making the dollar the intermediary between other currencies and gold. But from the inception of Bretton Woods until 1971 it was basically fixed that 1 ounce of gold=35 dollars.

And I fail to see where Keynesianism comes in in any of this.

The basic problem here had was made worse by monetary policy, but it was not caused by it. The cause was excessive leveraging using CBOs as collateral, and the risk on those CBOs was vastly underestimated by private credit rating agencies because of conflicts of interest.

Of course, nevermind that the Bretton Woods system is no more, that there is very little in today's economic policy that is truly Keynesian, and that during the height of keynesianism there were no crisis like this one...
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Old 04-18-2010, 01:47 AM   #20 (permalink)
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Yea I'm lost on the gold standard issue or as it applies here. Seems like, from what I understand, this was cause by banks and lenders over leveraging. Sometimes to the point of 30-1, maybe more. In Goldman's case they put a bunch of loans into a bundles that they knew were over valued and or likely fail and sold shares in them without letting buyers know they we likely to fail or at least the full risk. Other clients were buying CDS (credit default swaps) on those loans, basically betting the loans would fail and thus making money off those failures. Who was advised to buy what and when along with how the mortgages were bundles appears to be the issue.

Here's a section of an article about it from the Guardian out of the UK-

Quote:
For the Goldmans case is in some ways the most damaging. The Icelandic banks, Anglo Irish bank and Lehman were all involved in opaque deals and rank bad lending decisions – but Goldman allegedly went one step further, according to the SEC actively creating a financial instrument that transferred wealth to one favoured client from others less favoured. If the Securities and Exchange Commission's case is proved – and it is aggressively rebutted by Goldman – the charge is that Goldman's vice-president Fabrice Tourre created a dud financial instrument packed with valueless sub- prime mortgages at the instruction of hedge fund client Paulson, sold it to investors knowing it was valueless, and then allowed Paulson to profit from the dud financial instrument. Goldman says the buyers were "among the most sophisticated mortgage investors" in the world. But this is a used car salesman flogging a broken car he's got from some wide-boy pal to some driver who can't get access to the log-book. Except it was lionised as financial innovation
Enitre Article Here
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Old 04-18-2010, 05:48 AM   #21 (permalink)
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Wall Street's Bailout Hustle

This is absolutely worth the read. It explains not only all of the shenanigans that Goldman Sachs (and others) were pulling with these worthless credit swaps (etc.), but also how they gamed the federal bailout to make millions more
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Old 04-18-2010, 06:08 AM   #22 (permalink)
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I remember a few years ago I had an argument with a co-worker (at work) who tried to tell me the responsibility for the collapse was on the shoulders of the people who asked for the loans. I almost lost it during that conversation...but it's that mindset that won't allow any aspersions to be cast against the gilded veneer of capitalism - as if to admit to anything other than its virtuosity is a death knell to their beloved ideas. I don't think of myself as a devoted anti-capitalist. On the other hand, I'm not too keen on greed, either. But the ideas that I do adhere to have their own weaknesses and potential for harm.

My mother believes it was mass insanity - and I think she has a point. I see it like a gang mentality only with Harvard MBAs and $1500 shoes. You surround yourself with enough like-minded people and you can convince yourself that anything is 'okay.'
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Old 04-18-2010, 06:16 AM   #23 (permalink)
 
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so there's a p.t. barnum side to this whole business, the enlightened self-interest of a huckster selling in this case bundled debt, so holes in the ground, as if they were the newest and most fabulous item to yet appear in all human history. but as is the case with any such scam, there has to be the collaboration of forces beyond the mere barker to legitimate the object that is the center of the scam. in this case ratings agencies endorsed the snake-oil salesman claims and for a while there was a considerable and lucrative trade in snake-oil involving much of the transnational banking and insurance sectors and states and investors---you know the range of the usual suspects in capitalism, the social groups or forces for which the rest of us carry shit when we sell our labor power for a wage. but whatever. it's a giant shell game.

the only register in which the gold standard could possibly figure as an explanation for anything at all here is as a psychological association in the minds of some observers who look at the endless shell game that is capital circulation and are disconcerted by the relativity of value, by the degree to which this really is a consensus reality and that not at the level of opinions of groups about phenomenon X or Y, but in the making of phenomenon X or Y in an ontological sense, bringing it into being as, as, a bundled collection of holes (debt) that is now a speculative device because the return rates can be magnified if they're viewed a certain way and backed a certain way and vouched for a certain way and put into motion in certain ways--and these devices WERE valuable until they weren't. the gold standard represents a kind of nostalgia for a view of the world in which such relativity was not possible (i use relativity and not relativism intentionally. just to say) apparent values lean on "real" value like meanings of words have always existed in god's mind. essentialism they call it.

as for bretton woods and keynes...blktour's post is factually wrong and dippin already took care of that so there we are.

but this is capitalism, folks. the shell game...it's what people do. they "add value" that way.
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Old 04-18-2010, 08:05 PM   #24 (permalink)
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Huh? The gold standard was in place until the 30s, and Bretton Woods put in place a system that was very similar to the gold standard, the main difference being that the US took the role of guaranteeing the whole system by making the dollar the intermediary between other currencies and gold. But from the inception of Bretton Woods until 1971 it was basically fixed that 1 ounce of gold=35 dollars.

And I fail to see where Keynesianism comes in in any of this.

The basic problem here had was made worse by monetary policy, but it was not caused by it. The cause was excessive leveraging using CBOs as collateral, and the risk on those CBOs was vastly underestimated by private credit rating agencies because of conflicts of interest.

Of course, nevermind that the Bretton Woods system is no more, that there is very little in today's economic policy that is truly Keynesian, and that during the height of keynesianism there were no crisis like this one...
I just thought that the way we handle our money has to do somewhat with this. Though I know my way of wording it sounded all over the place. hehe.

(one day I will be able to articulate myself like Roachboy.)

so basically what I was getting from most was that loose regulations with no oversight may have caused this?
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Old 04-18-2010, 10:22 PM   #25 (permalink)
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I just thought that the way we handle our money has to do somewhat with this. Though I know my way of wording it sounded all over the place. hehe.

(one day I will be able to articulate myself like Roachboy.)

so basically what I was getting from most was that loose regulations with no oversight may have caused this?
It was loose regulations plus bad regulations.

Loose regulations meant that banks and institutions like goldman sachs could leverage their positions to ridiculous amounts, give shoddy advice, and insulate itself from bad loans by passing on the risk.

Bad regulations are the ones regarding acceptable risk. That is, on one hand they loosened financial regulations, on the other they made bad regulations regarding how to measure how much risk an institution was subjected to. I.e., the idea was "go crazy, do what you want, as long as your overall risk is low." How was that risk measured? By the so called "nationally recognized statistical research organizations"(NRSROs).

It was a sort of circular system: private financial institutions that did research (Standard and Poors, Moodys, Fitch's) had a lot of power on deciding what was acceptable risk due to these bad regulations. These research institutions made most of their money from the other financial institutions that were creating the financial instruments, either through receiving money from the ratings, or through consulting on how to lower the ratings. As you can imagine, the conflict of interest is enormous: banks needed the "blessing" of NRSROs to do certain transactions, but they were also the main clients and source of funds of the NRSROs. Kinda like relying on your bartender to keep you sober.

So it was this mixture of loose and bad regulation that created it all.

Monetary policy adds fuel to the fire, but doesn't generate the fire. People don't make bad investments simply because interest rates are lower. But people who were already making bad investments due to other reasons will make MORE bad investments when interest rates are lower.
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Old 04-19-2010, 07:36 AM   #26 (permalink)
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These charges are 99% politically motivated. I am not a fan of Goldman Sach in terms of them adding value to our economy compared to companies that make real products or provide real services. Goldman to me is like "the house" a place were high rollers go to gamble. Goldman, as "the house" always gets their cut and on every bet there is a winner and a loser. Those that engage Goldman on one side or the other are typically sophisticated investors/speculators/Etc. Goldman is generally not involved in commercial consumer transactions for the general public. What we have is our government through the SEC attempting to protect billion dollar investors from each other, while they gamble. I would rather have our government focused on real fraud and abusive practices that iare perpetrated on real regular people every day. For example today thousands of elderly people are being sold annuities with extreme high fees, in accounts with extremely high fees totally inappropriate for their needs by incompetent and or corrupt so called financial advisers.

Goldman was able to profit from the "bailout", so instead of the government admitting the "bailout" was the wrong thing to do and that they got embarrassed, they make a case where there really is no case. It simply shows that if the government has you in their cross-hairs, they are going to get you one way or the other. Goldman lost $90 million of their money on the deal and pocketed $15 million in fees, that alone should be enough to show Goldman had no intent to defraud and that there could have been an up side to the instrument in question.
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Old 04-19-2010, 10:38 AM   #27 (permalink)
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Sure it's almost all due to saving face for the bail outs. That's why other countries are also looking for compensation...

Quote:
BERLIN — Goldman Sachs may face claims for financial compensation from European governments and investors in connection with the fraud case brought against the investment bank by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Britain and Germany, whose governments had to bail out banks that lost money due to what the SEC says was Goldman's misbehavior, are both looking into the case, while analysts say that lawsuits from investors — against Goldman and other banks that marketed complex mortgage-backed securities — are almost inevitable.

The German Finance Ministry, the government-owned KfW development bank and IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG, which the SEC says lost some $150 million in investments marketed by Goldman, all said Monday they are looking into the case and will not rule out any option.

"After checking all facts, the public domain will examine closely if there are any possibilities for compensation, but at this point it is too early to speculate about it," Finance Ministry spokeswoman Jeanette Schwamberger told The Associated Press.

The U.S. charges against Goldman Sachs relate to a complex investment tied to the performance of pools of risky mortgages. In a complaint filed Friday, the Securities and Exchange Commission alleged that Goldman marketed the package to investors without disclosing that the pools were picked by another client, a prominent hedge fund that wanted to bet the U.S. housing bubble would burst.

Within months, most of the mortgages had been downgraded as the U.S. housing boom went into reverse and the securities fell sharply in value.

The company denies it did anything wrong, saying investor losses came from the deterioration of the whole sector, not regarding which securities were in the pool.

IKB was Germany's first victim of the financial crisis, in 2007. It had to be rescued with the help of KfW — which held a minority stake at the time it wobbled but later took over 90 percent of the troubled bank. KfW sold its share to Dallas-based Lone Star Funds in 2008, losing some euro7.2 billion ($9.7 billion) in the deal, according to KfW spokesman Wolfram Schweickhardt.

IKB said in a written statement that it will check the SEC papers and "will closely look at any possible measures." Spokesman Patrick von der Ehe told AP that means all options are on the table, but declined to elaborate.

KfW spokesman Schweickhardt said his bank also is looking into the matter and trying to get all the facts. The Finance Ministry said that, if anyone, KfW would be the one to claim compensation for the German taxpayer, according to the Finance Ministry.

"At this point it is much too early to say anything substantial," Schweickhardt said.

British interest in the case is likely to key on Royal Bank of Scotland, which paid $841 million to Goldman Sachs in 2007 to unwind its position in a fund acquired in the takeover of Dutch Bank ABN Amro, according to the SEC charges.

"As you would expect, the FSA is investigating the circumstances of this case and whether there are any implications for the U.K.-regulated entities of Goldman Sachs," the British financial regulator said in a statement.

"If there are, we will take appropriate action. We work closely with overseas regulators and will be cooperating fully with the SEC investigation."

The possibility that RBS might be able to recoup some money from Goldman Sachs helped boost the government-controlled bank's shares, which were up 2.8 percent at midday. The government holds an 84 percent stake in the bank, which nearly collapsed in large part because of its leadership of the consortium which took over the Dutch bank.

RBS spokesman Jason Knauf declined to comment. The state-backed bank says it is watching the SEC suit against Goldman closely and has not yet decided on any action.

The European Union is also keeping a close eye on the U.S. investigation.

"We are obviously following events with great interest," spokeswoman Amelia Torres said, refusing to elaborate.

Analysts say that civil suits in the wake of the SEC case against Goldman Sachs are inevitable — in fact some are already in motion. The Netherlands' Rabobank sued Merrill Lynch in June 2009, seeking $45 million in damages in a case it says is similar to the Goldman Sachs case.

In a letter filed Friday at New York District Court, Rabobank lawyer Jonathan Pickhardt alleges that Merrill "engaged in precisely the same type of fraudulent conduct in the structuring and marketing" of one of its CDOs as Goldman did with its Abacus CDO.

Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch deny any wrongdoing.

In the filing, Pickhardt said Merrill allowed an investor called Magnetar Capital LLC to select risky assets for inclusion in the "Norma" CDO — but Merrill told Rabobank the investments had been selected by an objective third party.

Magnetar then took a short position against the CDO, Rabobank says. The Dutch bank loaned the CDO $60 million, but was able to recover only a quarter of that when it went bankrupt.

Britain-based analyst Cubillas Ding of Celent said "there may well be more investors who will seek to sue."

"However, as a professional or institutional investor, you should have the necessary expertise to challenge, compare and reject the recommendations given to you," he said in an email.

He said most CDO investors would face an uphill climb in suing banks unless they can show "clear evidence of being misinformed or mislead."
This has to do with bundling up a barrel of crap and selling it to investors all while telling them they were buying a completely different product. At the same time they let a select few investors decide what kind of crap went into the barrel and then bet against the success of said barrel of crap.
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Old 04-19-2010, 11:16 AM   #28 (permalink)
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These charges are 99% politically motivated. I am not a fan of Goldman Sach in terms of them adding value to our economy compared to companies that make real products or provide real services. Goldman to me is like "the house" a place were high rollers go to gamble. Goldman, as "the house" always gets their cut and on every bet there is a winner and a loser. Those that engage Goldman on one side or the other are typically sophisticated investors/speculators/Etc. Goldman is generally not involved in commercial consumer transactions for the general public. What we have is our government through the SEC attempting to protect billion dollar investors from each other, while they gamble. I would rather have our government focused on real fraud and abusive practices that iare perpetrated on real regular people every day. For example today thousands of elderly people are being sold annuities with extreme high fees, in accounts with extremely high fees totally inappropriate for their needs by incompetent and or corrupt so called financial advisers.

Goldman was able to profit from the "bailout", so instead of the government admitting the "bailout" was the wrong thing to do and that they got embarrassed, they make a case where there really is no case. It simply shows that if the government has you in their cross-hairs, they are going to get you one way or the other. Goldman lost $90 million of their money on the deal and pocketed $15 million in fees, that alone should be enough to show Goldman had no intent to defraud and that there could have been an up side to the instrument in question.
This is simply not true. Goldman Sachs was "advising" their customers to purchase stocks that they themselves were betting against.

Put simply: They advise their customers to buy stock A. They know pretty certain that stock A is a bad stock, but by getting their customers to buy the stock it will artificially inflate. They take futures out on the stock betting that it will drop. When the stock drops (because it's a bad stock and they knew it), the customers lose money and Goldman Sachs still makes money.

The last time this happened in Baseball an entire team was blacklisted, Shoeless Joe Jackson will probably never be in the Hall of Fame because of it. That was for a couple of hundred dollars.... this is for BILLIONS.

This is politically convenient to go after them but it doesn't mean it's not 100% fraud.
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Old 04-19-2010, 06:22 PM   #29 (permalink)
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Originally Posted by aceventura3 View Post
These charges are 99% politically motivated. I am not a fan of Goldman Sach in terms of them adding value to our economy compared to companies that make real products or provide real services. Goldman to me is like "the house" a place were high rollers go to gamble. Goldman, as "the house" always gets their cut and on every bet there is a winner and a loser. Those that engage Goldman on one side or the other are typically sophisticated investors/speculators/Etc. Goldman is generally not involved in commercial consumer transactions for the general public. What we have is our government through the SEC attempting to protect billion dollar investors from each other, while they gamble. I would rather have our government focused on real fraud and abusive practices that iare perpetrated on real regular people every day. For example today thousands of elderly people are being sold annuities with extreme high fees, in accounts with extremely high fees totally inappropriate for their needs by incompetent and or corrupt so called financial advisers.

Goldman was able to profit from the "bailout", so instead of the government admitting the "bailout" was the wrong thing to do and that they got embarrassed, they make a case where there really is no case. It simply shows that if the government has you in their cross-hairs, they are going to get you one way or the other. Goldman lost $90 million of their money on the deal and pocketed $15 million in fees, that alone should be enough to show Goldman had no intent to defraud and that there could have been an up side to the instrument in question.
read the article I posted and tell me "there's no case here"
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Old 04-20-2010, 01:37 AM   #30 (permalink)
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This Goldman Sachs thing just came out of the blue!


CBS 1998


Glenn Beck 1999 ... hilarious, but true.

No coincidences to be found here Mr. President!

Will President Obama return the $994,795 in campaign contributions from GS?
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Old 04-20-2010, 01:40 AM   #31 (permalink)
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Seriously? Glenn Beck?
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Old 04-20-2010, 01:45 AM   #32 (permalink)
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He may be a wing-nut, but I challenge you to disprove factually any of the events or associations he outlines relating to current and former GS employees now in key government positions, the timing of decisions made by their influence on direct competitors of GS, their redesignation as a "bank", the ties to federal government and both the Bush and Obama administrations.
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Old 04-20-2010, 06:04 AM   #33 (permalink)
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He may be a wing-nut, but...

You know when you start your defense of a source with “he may be a wing-nut, but…" I think that says a lot. I mean even a stopped clock is right twice a day.

Quote:
Originally Posted by ottopilot View Post
I challenge you to disprove factually any of the events or associations he outlines relating to current and former GS employees now in key government positions, the timing of decisions made by their influence on direct competitors of GS, their redesignation as a "bank", the ties to federal government and both the Bush and Obama administrations.

To begin with I’d take issue with his opening bit alluding to how the health care bill is going to be potentially fatal for him so he’d better have that heart attack now. Yeah guys like Beck are going to be sent to death panels very soon due to their lack of ability to obtain health care. I think that’s in paragraph 3 on page 420 of the bill. So sad… so many wealthy people sent to their death with a stroke of Obama’s pen(s.)

Then he moves onto a rant that, well, is basically non coherent at times. When it does make sense he’s really just paraphrasing Matt Taibbi's RS article. When he doesn’t make sense he makes statements like “a web of bubbles” and other statements that really don’t make sense. Trying to follow his rant and accompanying caulk board diagram makes my head hurt.

So… I think you should have stopped with “he may be a wing nut.”

Using sources like Beck, Limbaugh et el is no different than people on the left sourcing Michael Moore, Randi Rhodes et el. These folks are all full of crap and wing nuts with a cause. I simply don’t see how sourcing them helps your position.
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Old 04-20-2010, 06:57 AM   #34 (permalink)
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read the article I posted and tell me "there's no case here"
A "case" can be made, but that is not my primary point. I think the "case" being made is being done for political reasons and I think government resources could be better used perusing fraud and abuse where there are real and innocent victims.

I put case in quotes because I think given vague legal concepts, like in the areas of financial regulation, a "case" could be made in just about any transaction where one party can gain financially and another party can lose financially. For example I was reading some financial information on Car Max the other day, they are making an average of $2,000 in profits on every car they sell, with no haggle pricing, they also provide financing and service contracts. Their margins are significantly higher than used car industry averages. A "case" could be made on every transaction, buying and selling, they participate in - today we live in a country where if someone in government with power gets a "bee in their bonnet" for Car Max, you can bet they will go down. I simply don't like this form of political prosecution. I think our government is getting out of control. That is my point.
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Old 04-20-2010, 07:26 AM   #35 (permalink)
 
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before everything goes skittering off down some private-language rabbithole, pivoting on some imaginary conflict between ace's wholesale erasure of the notion of fraud and reality, maybe this little summary will be useful:

Quote:
Goldman and SEC: The main arguments

By Brooke Masters and Patrick Jenkins in London

Published: April 19 2010 20:07 | Last updated: April 19 2010 20:07

The SEC’s complaint rests on two main allegations:

●Goldman banker Fabrice Tourre misled investors into believing that Paulson & Co, the hedge fund, was an equity investor in the Abacus 2007-AC1 CDO (collateralised debt obligation), making the investment more marketable. In fact, Paulson was short-selling the underlying mortgage assets in the CDO, convinced that they would fall in value.

●Goldman also failed to disclose that Paulson had been closely involved in the design of the CDO, proposing the initial list of 123 mortgage securities. Instead Mr Tourre presented the fund selection as the work of a third party, ACA, which had, according to the SEC, taken its cue from Paulson.

●Several investors were burned as a result of the transaction. IKB, a German lender, lost $150m, contributing to the bank’s failure in the summer of 2007. ACA, the structuring company and also an investor, lost as much as $900m. When it, too, failed, ABN Amro – since acquired by Royal Bank of Scotland – was left to pick up a $841m tab, as guarantor of ACA’s involvement.

Goldman has told the SEC that the complaint was based on “the benefit of perfect hindsight” and offered four main points in its defence:

●Short-sellers were a routine part of such synthetic CDO structures and it was common practice not to disclose the identity of the short investors to the long investors.

●At the time, Paulson & Co was a “relatively unknown hedge fund manager” which had lost a lot of money betting against the mortgage market in the prior few years, so investors would have gained little from knowing he was on the other side.

●The SEC is overstating Paulson’s role. Goldman notes that the portfolio that ACA selected with Paulson’s input “had the same characteristics . . . and experienced virtually the same poor performance” as other similar CDOs.

●The bank said it kept a portion of the CDO on its books and ended up losing $75m, net a $15m fee on that investment.
FT.com / Companies / Banks - Goldman and SEC: The main arguments
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Old 04-20-2010, 07:52 AM   #36 (permalink)
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before everything goes skittering off down some private-language rabbithole, pivoting on some imaginary conflict between ace's wholesale erasure of the notion of fraud and reality, maybe this little summary will be useful:
Your comment directed to me was not necessary. I initially posted my thoughts on this subject and I then responded to a question with a direct answer and further elaboration of my view.

Regarding the bullet points in your post:

The first one has the word "misled" - people who invest billions of dollars or "sophisticated" investors don't get "misled". Professionals have to be held to a high standard, "misled" is another way to question competence. We can not judge these people on the "reasonable man" standard in my view.

The second included the vague concept of "failure to disclose", good luck with an objective understandable standard for that. If you do not have all of my knowledge, I failed to disclose - if that is true what value does any expertise or intellectual property have?

Looking at this from a big picture point of view, it should be of concern to everyone. Goldman was a major benefactor of the financial bailout, they made record profits during the worst financial crisis in the history of the human race (if you believe Obama and his team), the paid record bonuses at a time when populism was against Wall St. fat cats, and they are smarter than the people who regulate them - now the government wants a pound of flesh. This matter is purely political and has nothing to do with justice in my opinion. It is humorous seeing so many try to rationalize our government's behavior.
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Old 04-20-2010, 08:10 AM   #37 (permalink)
 
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ace, had you framed it earlier as you did in this last post, i wouldn't have referenced you.

rather than continue that, here's an interesting move from the imf.
seems that the american monetarist right is about the only social sector on the planet that doesn't see a Problem with the current financial oligarchy:

Quote:
IMF warns time running out to tackle 'too big to fail' banks

IMF's Global Financial Stability Review says urgent need for international co-operation to tackle systemic risks posed by banks deemed 'too important to fail'



Time is running out for governments to overhaul regulation of global banks that have become bigger and more powerful since the start of the financial meltdown three years ago, the International Monetary Fund warned today.

In its half-yearly health check on the financial sector, the Washington-based fund said there was an urgent need for international co-operation to tackle the systemic risks posed by banks deemed "too big to fail".

"The future financial regulatory reform agenda is still a work in progress, but will need to move forward with at least the main ingredients soon", the IMF said in its Global Financial Stability Review. "The window of opportunity for dealing with too-important-to-fail institutions may be closing and should not be squandered, all the more so because some of these institutions have become bigger and more dominant than before the crisis erupted.

"Policymakers need to give serious thought about what makes these institutions systemically important and how risks to the financial system can be mitigated."

The fund said the end of the recession and the pickup in financial markets had cut the estimated losses of banks from $2.8tn (£1.8tn) last October to $2.3tn. Losses for UK banks were shaved by $99bn to $398bn.

But it stressed that the debts amassed by governments in their attempts to mitigate the impact of the global recession threatened to open a new chapter in the credit crunch. The need to finance growing budget deficits could push up interest rates, intensifying the credit squeeze on companies and putting renewed financial pressure on banks.

"Concerns about sovereign risks could undermine stability gains and take the credit crisis into a new phase, as nations begin to reach the limits of public sector support for the financial system and the real economy." Debt levels in the G7 nations – the US, the UK, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan – were nearing 60-year highs, the report said.

"To address sovereign risks, credible medium-term fiscal consolidation plans that command public support are needed. This is the most daunting challenge facing governments in the near term. Consolidation plans should be made transparent, and contingency measures should be in place if the degradation of public finances is greater than expected."

The IMF said government borrowing would remain high over the next two years, particularly in the UK and the eurozone. In Britain, the increase in both corporate and household debt in the pre-crisis years meant non-financial private sector debt stood at over 200% of GDP, "one of the highest among mature economies".

Demand for credit in the UK would exceed supply by £140bn this year and £120bn in 2011, the IMF predicted, noting that the UK would have a far higher financing gap than either the US or the euro area. Further action by the Bank of England and other central banks to buy up securities through quantitative easing programmes might be needed, the report added. The fund highlighted commercial property as a particular risk in the UK, noting that prices were down 40% since the peak.

Predicting a slow, shallow and uneven recovery in credit, the fund said bank profits would be affected by a tougher regulatory regime.

"Even though capital needs have fallen, banks still face considerable challenges: a large amount of short-term funding will need to be refinanced this year and next; more and higher quality capital will likely be needed to satisfy investors in anticipation of more stringent regulation; and not all losses have been written down to date. In addition to these challenges, new regulations will also require banks to rethink their business strategies. All of these factors are likely to put downward pressure on profitability."

The report provided conditional support for the Conservative plan to scrap the Financial Services Authority and hand banking regulation to the Bank of England. "A unified regulator – one that oversees liquidity and solvency issues – removes some of the conflicting incentives that result from the separation of these powers, but nonetheless if it is mandated to oversee systemic risks it would still be softer on systemically important institutions than those that are not. This arises because the failure of one of these institutions would cause disproportionate damage to the financial system and regulators would be loathe to see serial failures."

Care would be needed, the IMF said, to ensure the right balance between making the financial system safer and ensuring that it continued to be efficient and innovative.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2...ning-out-banks
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Old 04-20-2010, 09:51 AM   #38 (permalink)
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Watching these Wall Street guys profit even more during and after the economic freefall while my net worth is down about 30% makes me jealous of their ability to position themselves in a win/win situation. I guess there is nothing new under the sun and the wealthy will always figure out how to prosper while ignorant investors like myself take the hit.

With the revolving door between Wall Street and Washington, I am surprised that the SEC is filing any charges at all. I suspect the fraud is much deeper and involved with our politicians than anything that will be officially uncovered.
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Old 04-20-2010, 10:26 AM   #39 (permalink)
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One of the main players has been stripped of his ticket to ride...

Quote:
Fabrice Tourre, the Goldman Sachs banker charged with fraud by the US authorities, has been stripped of his licence to operate in the City of London.

The 31-year-old French man had been registered with the Financial Services Authority to work with clients since November 2008 but today his embattled employers applied to the regulator to de-register him. The firm insisted it had taken the decision without being pressured to do so by the FSA, which has embarked on a formal investigation into the London arm of the Wall Street firm.

The FSA keeps a register of most of the people who work in the City but has different grades of authorisation. Tourre was registered to work with clients and while the FSA's website continues to show he is licensed under number FPT01004 it is understood this is likely to be updated in the coming days, possibly as soon as tomorrow.

A spokeswoman for Goldman in London said: "We decided to de-register him."

However, Tourre has not been suspended by his employers. He remains on the payroll but is now on permanent leave while he and his firm fight the $1bn (£650m) fraud charges brought by the US regulator, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Goldman insists it is standing behind its employee.

The revelation last Friday that the SEC was charging Goldman and Tourre with fraud following an 18-month investigation into a complex financial instrument named Abacus sparked the FSA investigation. Goldman is strongly defending itself against the charges and insists that its own internal investigation found that Tourre had done nothing wrong. The SEC alleges that he failed to tell one of the bank's clients, financial firm ACA, that the Abacus collateralised debt obligation was being created to allow hedge fund manager John Paulson to take a big bet that the sub-prime mortgage market would collapse.

The FSA would only say it was a matter for the firm.
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Old 04-20-2010, 11:29 AM   #40 (permalink)
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Today's NY Times is illuminating about the nature of the SEC's suit:
Quote:
The commission’s core accusation is that while Goldman provided to those firms a detailed list of the assets contained in a security it built and sold in 2007, it concealed the role of John Paulson, a hedge fund manager who worked with Goldman to pick what assets went into the security. Mr. Paulson then placed bets that the security would lose value.

In essence, the buyers bet that housing prices would go up, while Mr. Paulson bet that prices would fall.

Goldman was not legally required to provide any information to the investors, because Goldman found the buyers without offering them on the open market. But for any information that Goldman chose to provide, it was required by law to give a complete and accurate account.

Goldman outlined its likely defense arguments in two letters sent to the S.E.C. in September in response to a notice from the agency that the company was under investigation and could be sued.

In the letters, Goldman’s lawyers at Sullivan & Cromwell wrote that the company Goldman hired to manage the deal, ACA Management, was “no mindless dupe that could be easily manipulated.” Furthermore, the letters said that the downturn of the housing market was not a foregone conclusion, and that it was therefore misleading for the S.E.C. to consider the transaction through the lens of “perfect hindsight.”

The letters went on to argue that, contrary to the S.E.C.’s assertions, Goldman disclosed all information about the deal that was material. In particular, the letters drew a sharp distinction between information about the security, which the company said it provided in full, and information about Mr. Paulson’s role.

The second letter said, “It is this concrete information on the assets — not the economic interest of the entity that selected them — that investors could analyze and use to inform their decisions.”

To win its case, the S.E.C. must prove that Goldman was not merely silent about Mr. Paulson’s role but actually gave investors the wrong impression, experts in securities law said. Then it must prove that the missing information was material, a legal term meaning that investors armed with that knowledge might have decided not to buy the product from Goldman, or to do so at a lower price.

Allen Ferrell, a law professor at Harvard, said the suit rested on an unusual definition of material information.

“We normally think of material information as specific to the mortgages, not somebody’s prediction about the future course of macroeconomic events,” Professor Ferrell said. “So who cares whether Paulson is bullish or bearish? Whatever his personal opinion is about the future course of housing prices, the question is, did the investors have access to the underlying mortgages?”

But Donald C. Langevoort, a law professor at Georgetown University, said the case was consistent with other government efforts in past years to broaden the definition of material information. “The S.E.C. has long insisted that context is important,” Professor Langevoort said. “If you think of it more broadly in that way, this isn’t an unprecedented case.”
So this isn't much of a cut and dried case, and (as legal cases usually do) this will turn on the definition of legal terms like "material."
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