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Old 06-17-2008, 04:24 PM   #1 (permalink)
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Our civilization and the views of Daniel Quinn

I have just read this book, my way of thinking was similar to what I have read here, but Daniel Quinn knows how to explain it better, so now I can formulate myself better

The book says that we are all enacting a story, and that we would stop if we would be given a different one to enact. German people under Hitler were "enacting" their story.
It also separates people into "leavers" and "takers". The "takers" are us, and the "leavers" are all the other cultures on earth, which we destroy everywhere we find them. "Culture" does not mean some nice dances and costumes. It means everything, and our culture is that of the "rulers and owners of Everything" and this has engulfed the entire world with some small exceptions

Their story always starts with the beginning of the universe, ours starts only 10000 years ago, and "We we born to be farmers and rule the Earth !". What was before that ? We call it "prehistory" , not important

We have our cultural myth that says this world was made for us to conquer and rule, and that is the story we are enacting. Belief in God or not, we do agree that we rule the world and it does not matter if all other species die, our survival is what matters.

Some say : "we were smarter than all the others,it was natural selection !". It is not so, nature promotes diversity, a system with a million species can survive almost anything, a system with only a few is very fragile. And we with all our technology are no immune to this
But it takes an entire book to explain properly

Some quotes :

Quote:
Ah,” said the other, “but possessed of this arrogant foolishness, would Adam survive into maturity ?

Believing himself our equal, he would be capable of anything. In his arrogance, he might look around the garden and say to himself, ‘This is all wrong. Why should I have to share the fire of life with all these creatures? Look here, the lions and the wolves and the foxes take the game I would have for myself. This is evil. I will kill all these creatures, and this will be good. And look here, the rabbits and the grasshoppers and the sparrows take the fruits of the land that I would have for myself. This is evil. I will kill all these creatures, and this will be good. And look here, the gods have set a limit on my growth just as they’ve set a limit on the growth of all others. This is evil. I will grow without limit, taking all the fire of life that flows through this garden into myself, and that will be good.’

Tell me—if this should happen, how long would Adam live before he had devoured the entire world?”

“If this should happen,” the others said, “Adam would devour the world in a single day, and at the end of that day he would devour himself.”

“Just so,” the other said, “unless he managed to escape from this world. Then he would devour the entire universe as he had devoured the world. But even so he would inevitably end by devouring himself, as anything must that grows without limit.”

“This would indeed be a terrible end for Adam,” another said. “But might he not come to the same end even without having eaten at the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil? Might he not be tempted by his yearning for growth to take the fire of life into his own hands even without deluding himself that this was good?”

“He might,” the others agreed.
“But what would be the result? He would become a criminal, an outlaw, a thief of life, and a murderer of the creatures around him. Without the delusion that what he was doing was good—and therefore to be done at any cost—he would soon weary of the outlaw’s life. Indeed this is bound to happen during his quest for the Tree of Life. But if he should eat of the tree of our knowledge, then he will shrug off his weariness. He will say, ‘What does it matter that I’m weary of living as a murderer of all the life around me? I know good and evil, and this way of living is good. Therefore I must live this way even though I’m weary unto death, even though I destroy the world and even myself. The gods wrote in the world a law for all to follow, but it cannot apply to me because I’m their equal. Therefore I will live outside this law and grow without limit. To be limited is evil. I will steal the fire of life from the hands of the gods and heap it up for my growth, and that will be good. I will destroy those kinds that do not serve my growth, and that will be good. I will wrest the garden from the hands of the gods and order it anew so that it serves only my growth, and that will be good. And because these things are good, they must be done at any cost. It may be that I’ll destroy the garden and make a ruin of it. It may be that my progeny will teem over the earth like locusts, stripping it bare, until they drown in their own filth and hate the very sight of one another and go mad. Still they must go on, because to grow without limit is good and to accept the limits of the law is evil. And if any say, “Let’s put off the burdens of the criminal life and live in the hands of the gods once again,” I will kill them, for what they say is evil. And if any say, “Let’s turn aside from our misery and search for that other tree,” I will kill them, for what they say is evil. And when at last all the garden has been subjugated to my use and all kinds that do not serve my growth have been cast aside and all the fire of life in the world flows through my progeny, still I must grow. And to the people of this land I will say, “Grow, for this is good,” and they will grow. And to the people of the next land I will say, “Grow, for this is good,” and they will grow. And when they can grow no more, the people of this land will fall upon the people of the next to murder them, so that they may grow still more. And if the groans of my progeny fill the air throughout the world, I will say to them, “Your sufferings must be borne, for you suffer in the cause of good. See how great we have become! Wielding the knowledge of good and evil, we have made ourselves the masters of the world, and the gods have no power over us. Though your groans fill the air, isn’t it sweeter to live in our own hands than in the hands of the gods?” ’ ”

And when the gods heard all this, they saw that, of all the trees in the garden, only the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil could destroy Adam. And so they said to him, “You may eat of every tree in the garden save the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, for on the day you eat of that tree you will certainly die.”
Quote:
What’s going on here is something wholly new. These aren’t raiding parties. These aren’t people drawing a line and baring their teeth at us to make sure we know they’re there. These guys are saying . . . Our brothers from the north are saying that we’ve got to die. They’re saying Abel has to be wiped out. They’re saying we’re not to be allowed to live. Now that’s something new, and we don’t get it. Why can’t they live up there and be farmers and let us live down here and be herders? Why do they have to murder us?’

‘Something really weird must have happened up there to turn these people into murderers. What could it have been? Wait, a second . . . Look at the way these people live. Nobody has ever lived this way before. They’re not just saying that we have to die. They’re saying that everything has to die. They’re not just killing us, they’re killing everything. They’re saying, “Okay, lions, you’re dead. We’ve had it with you. You’re out of here.” They’re saying, “Okay, wolves, we’ve had it with you too. You’re out of here.” They’re saying . . . “Nobody eats but us. All this food belongs to us and no one else can have any without our permission.” They’re saying, “What we want to live lives and what we want to die dies.”

“ ‘That’s it! They’re acting as if they were the gods themselves. They’re acting as if they eat at the gods’ own tree of wisdom, as though they were as wise as the gods and could send life and death wherever they please. Yes, that’s it. That’s what must have happened up there. These people found the gods’ own tree of wisdom and stole some of its fruit.

“ ‘Aha! Right! These are an accursed people! You can see that right off the bat. When the gods found out what they’d done, they said, “Okay, you wretched people, that’s it for you! We’re not taking care of you anymore. You’re out. We banish you from the garden. From now on, instead of living on our bounty, you can wrest your food from the ground by the sweat of your brows.” And that’s how these accursed tillers of the soil came to be hunting us down and watering their fields with our blood.’ ”
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Old 06-17-2008, 06:35 PM   #2 (permalink)
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I read the first five pages. I couldn't get into it. I still haven't finished it. I'm not sure I ever will. Perhaps this thread will convince me otherwise.
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Old 06-17-2008, 10:19 PM   #3 (permalink)
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The book is written as a discussion between a teacher and a student, just read until the character finds the teacher and there the book starts

About what we are doing to the planet Daniel Quinn makes a comparison in the movie "Life at the end of an empire" : it's like we live in a very tall building, and each day we take bricks from the lower floors and add them to the top, to raise the building. Not only we destroy our home, but we destroy human nature itself.

We are not "flawed" as humans, the way religions want us to believe. Is a tiger or a fish, or any other creature flawed ? But they don't get to chose their story. The story that we are enacting is flawed. Nothing is wrong with us. German people under Hitler were "enacting" their story of the "Aryan master race"
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Old 06-20-2008, 09:35 PM   #4 (permalink)
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I'm currently reading it, and my Dad read it to me when I was younger. It probably had some effect on the way I think, but I can't remember anything about it from when he read it to me. I don't really have anything to say about it at the moment. I do recommend it, and if you've only read the first five pages then you haven't really started it, as was already mentioned.
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Old 07-29-2008, 09:21 AM   #5 (permalink)
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Quote:
People are fascinated to learn why a pride of lions works, why a troop of baboons works, or why a
flock of geese works, but they often resist learning why a tribe of humans works. Tribal humans were
successful on this planet for three million years before our agricultural revolution, and they’re no less
successful today wherever they manage to survive untouched, but many people of our culture don’t want
to hear about it. In fact, they’ll vigorously deny it. If you explain to them why a herd of elephants works
or why a hive of bees works, they have no problem. But if you try to explain why a tribe of humans
works, they accuse you of “idealizing” them. From the point of view of ethology or evolutionary biology,
however, the success of humans in tribes is no more an idealization than the success of bison in herds or
whales in pods.
Our cultural excuse for failure is that humans are just “naturally” flawed—greedy, selfish, short-sighted,
violent, and so on, which means anything you do with them will fail. In order to validate that excuse,
people want tribalism to be a failure.
For this reason, to people who want to uphold our cultural
mythology, any suggestion that tribalism was successful is perceived as a threat.
Quote:
Tribal life is not in fact perfect, idyllic, noble, or wonderful, but wherever it’s found intact, it’s found to
be working well—as well as the life of lizards, racoons, geese, or beetles—with the result that the
members of the tribe are not generally enraged, rebellious, desperate, stressed-out borderline psychotics
being torn apart by crime, hatred, and violence. What anthropologists find is that tribal peoples, far from
being nobler, sweeter, or wiser than us, are as capable as we are of being mean, unkind, short-sighted,
selfish, insensitive, stubborn, and short-tempered. The tribal life doesn’t turn people into saints; it enables
ordinary people to make a living together with a minimum of stress year after year, generation after
generation.
Quote:
People who dislike what I’m saying will challenge me this way: “If you’re so crazy about the tribal life,
why don’t you get a spear and go live in a cave?”
The tribal life isn’t about spears and caves or about hunting and gathering. Hunting and gathering is a
lifestyle, an occupation, a way of making a living. A tribe isn’t a particular occupation; it’s a social
organization that facilitates making a living.
Where they’re still allowed to, gypsies live in tribes, but they’re obviously not hunter-gatherers.
Similarly, circus people live in tribes—but again, obviously, they’re not hunter-gatherers. Until recent
decades there were many forms of traveling shows that were tribal in organization—theatrical troupes,
carnivals, and so on.
Daniel Quinn in "Beyond Civilization"
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Old 07-29-2008, 12:27 PM   #6 (permalink)
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Can I just say that, while I think Quinn sometimes has interesting ways of translating non-Western thought to Western idiom, I find his books extremely problematic.

IMO, his notion of "givers" and "takers" being rooted in an original divide between herders and agrarians is fallacious. There seems little support for such a notion. He misses some key exceptions to his descriptions of the evolving city life in the Ancient Near East, and will inevitably gloss over the social issues of non-Western cultures in order to favor critiques of Western culture.

Quinn is a Romantic in the classical sense of the term: he romanticizes and idealizes the distant past, and presumes a pristine, pastoral existence for early humans. He seems to favor a social devolution away from industry and commerce as a solution to the problems presented by industrial society, rather than a forward movement of seeking solutions in the evolution of what we are. He, who criticizes Western history for taking the short view, and beginning only 10,000 years ago or so, himself takes the short view by assuming that creatures that took hundreds of thousands of years to evolve complex reasoning skills and the innovative abilities to develop beyond mere subsistence, ought to have somehow been able to master territorialism, power dynamics, technology, and philosophy within an increasingly complex understanding of the universe much better in 10,000 years than we have been able to do. That seems unreasonable to me. It also seems unreasonable to me to decide that 10,000 years of social and technical evolution just haven't worked out, and we'd be better off without them.

Societies differ; they decide on different rules, different priorities, and they make different trade-offs. None are fixed: rather, all evolve. But all lasting move forward or they stultify and ossify, at which point they die. For Western society to evolve, it must learn to combine its strengths-- innovation, technology, communication, curiosity-- with the needed strengths of various other cultures-- respect for nature, care for the clan, spiritual awareness. But it must be an evolving combination, not an attempted retrogression into something that may never have been.

In terms of spiritual philosophy, Quinn does seem to be attempting to import the Buddhist and Jainist notions of releasing attachment to things of the world around us; a problematic philosophy, in that it can easily lead to radical asceticism, which I don't believe is healthy; also, I don't believe Quinn is transferring the concepts well. I think he is taking the notion of releasing attachments to an extreme: it's good not to be a materialist, no question. But why should we not embrace our love of disseminating information, for example? Printing technology, computer and net technology all seem difficult to argue against unless you just don't like non-agrarian/pastoral societies. And that's an aesthetic choice.

This is all in addition to the fact that in his critiques of Western religion and philosophy, he does not always appear to have done enough reading. He presents nearly his entire critique of Western religion and philosophy based on Christianity and Christian philosophers. Little thought, if any, is paid to Judaism and Jewish philosophers (and what seems to be mentioned, obliquely and circumlocuitously, is often misquoted or misunderstood), and as far as I could tell, none to Islam and Muslim philosophers. That is a major, major flaw, not only because Western society is not monolithic-- some Western societies have very different ideas and rules than others-- but because much Christian thought is adapted from Jewish and Muslim thought, and if one has paid no heed to the latter, it is hard to believe one has understood the former well enough to critique it so thoroughly. The other problem with this is that his understanding of Western history and society is that of a Christian whose "mind has been opened" by exposure to Asian philosophy. But who is to say that all the problems of Western society come from not embracing enough Asian concepts? Perhaps Quinn's Christian problems could be solved by Jewish or Muslim concepts.

Finally, Quinn suffers from universalizing. Not just universalizing certain perspectives, but from assuming that the problems of the world all have an identical, common root, and thus can be solved by more or less identical, common solutions. Despite the depth and breadth and length of his works, he is, ultimately not complex enough in his thinking to permit multiple causes to many problems, each of which might be solved, ameliorated, or reconciled by perhaps several different approaches.

IMO, one is better off disregarding Quinn and simply educating oneself thoroughly in the Humanities and Social Sciences.
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Old 04-01-2009, 12:59 AM   #7 (permalink)
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From "Ishmael" :
Quote:
Ishmael nodded. “Here is the connection. Ten thousand years ago, the people of your culture embarked on a similar flight: a civilization flight. Their craft wasn’t designed according to any theory at all. Like our imaginary airman, they were totally unaware that there is a law that must be complied with in order to achieve civilization flight. They didn’t even wonder about it. They wanted the freedom of the air, and so they pushed off in the first contraption that came to hand: the Taker Thunderbolt.

At first all was well. In fact, all was terrific. The Takers were pedaling away and the wings of their craft were flapping beautifully. They felt wonderful, exhilarated. They were experiencing the freedom of the air: freedom from restraints that bind and limit the rest of the biological community. And with that freedom came marvels—all the things you mentioned the other day: urbanization, technology, literacy, mathematics, science.

“Their flight could never end, it could only go on becoming more and more exciting. They couldn’t know, couldn’t even have guessed that, like our hapless airman, they were in the air but not in flight. They were in free fall, because their craft was simply not in compliance with the law that makes flight possible. But their disillusionment is far away in the future, and so they’re pedaling away and having a wonderful time. Like our airman, they see strange sights in the course of their fall. They see the remains of craft very like their own—not destroyed, merely abandoned—by the Maya, by the Hohokam, by the Anasazi, by the peoples of the Hopewell cult, to mention only a few of those found here in the New World. ‘Why,’ they wonder, ‘are these craft on the ground instead of in the air? Why would any people prefer to be earthbound when they could have the freedom of the air, as we do?’ It’s beyond comprehension, an unfathomable mystery.

“Ah well, the vagaries of such foolish people are nothing to the Takers. They’re pedaling away and having a wonderful time. They’re not going to abandon their craft. They’re going to enjoy the freedom of the air forever. But alas, a law is catching up to them. They don’t know such a law even exists, but this ignorance affords them no protection from its effects. This is a law as unforgiving as the law of gravity, and it’s catching up to them in exactly the same way the law of gravity caught up to our airman: at an accelerating rate
Quote:
Maybe it’s this. When you started talking about our cultural amnesia, I thought you were being metaphorical. Or maybe exaggerating a little to make a point. Because obviously you can’t know what those neolithic farmers were thinking. Nevertheless, here’s the fact: After a few thousand years, the descendants of these neolithic farmers were scratching their heads and saying, ‘Gee, I wonder how people ought to live.’ But in that very same time period, the Leavers of the world hadn’t forgotten how to live. They still knew, but the people of my culture had forgotten, had cut themselves off from a tradition that told them how to live. They needed a Hammurabi to tell them how to live. They needed a Draco and a Solon and a Moses and a Jesus and a Muhammad. And the Leavers didn’t, because they had a way—had a whole bunch of ways—that . . . Hold on. I think I’ve got it.”

“Take your time.”

“Every one of the Leavers’ ways came into being by evolution, by a process of testing that began even before people had a word for it. No one said, ‘Okay, let’s form a committee to write up a set of laws for us to follow.’ None of these cultures were inventions. But that’s what all our lawgivers gave us—inventions. Contrivances. Not things that had proved out over thousands of generations, but rather arbitrary pronouncements about the one right way to live. And this is still what’s going on. The laws they make in Washington aren’t put on the books because they work well—they’re put on the books because they represent the one right way to live. You may not have an abortion unless the fetus is threatening your life or was put there by a rapist. There are a lot of people who’d like to see the law read that way. Why? Because that’s the one right way to live. You may drink yourself to death, but if we catch you smoking a marijuana cigarette, it’s the slammer for you, baby, because that’s the one right way. No one gives a damn about whether our laws work well. Working well is beside the point. . . .
Quote:
“But might he not come to the same end even without having eaten at the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil? Might he not be tempted by his yearning for growth to take the fire of life into his own hands even without deluding himself that this was good?”
“He might,” the others agreed. “But what would be the result? He would become a criminal, an outlaw, a thief of life, and a murderer of the creatures around him. Without the delusion that what he was doing was good—and therefore to be done at any cost—he would soon weary of the outlaw’s life. Indeed this is bound to happen during his quest for the Tree of Life. But if he should eat of the tree of our knowledge, then he will shrug off his weariness. He will say, ‘What does it matter that I’m weary of living as a murderer of all the life around me? I know good and evil, and this way of living is good. Therefore I must live this way even though I’m weary unto death, even though I destroy the world and even myself. The gods wrote in the world a law for all to follow, but it cannot apply to me because I’m their equal. Therefore I will live outside this law and grow without limit. To be limited is evil. I will steal the fire of life from the hands of the gods and heap it up for my growth, and that will be good. I will destroy those kinds that do not serve my growth, and that will be good. I will wrest the garden from the hands of the gods and order it anew so that it serves only my growth, and that will be good. And because these things are good, they must be done at any cost. It may be that I’ll destroy the garden and make a ruin of it. It may be that my progeny will teem over the earth like locusts, stripping it bare, until they drown in their own filth and hate the very sight of one another and go mad. Still they must go on, because to grow without limit is good and to accept the limits of the law is evil. And if any say, “Let’s put off the burdens of the criminal life and live in the hands of the gods once again,” I will kill them, for what they say is evil. And if any say, “Let’s turn aside from our misery and search for that other tree,” I will kill them, for what they say is evil. And when at last all the garden has been subjugated to my use and all kinds that do not serve my growth have been cast aside and all the fire of life in the world flows through my progeny, still I must grow. And to the people of this land I will say, “Grow, for this is good,” and they will grow. And to the people of the next land I will say, “Grow, for this is good,” and they will grow. And when they can grow no more, the people of this land will fall upon the people of the next to murder them, so that they may grow still more. And if the groans of my progeny fill the air throughout the world, I will say to them, “Your sufferings must be borne, for you suffer in the cause of good. See how great we have become! Wielding the knowledge of good and evil, we have made ourselves the masters of the world, and the gods have no power over us. Though your groans fill the air, isn’t it sweeter to live in our own hands than in the hands of the gods?” ’ ”
And when the gods heard all this, they saw that, of all the trees in the garden, only the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil could destroy Adam. And so they said to him, “You may eat of every tree in the garden save the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, for on the day you eat of that tree you will certainly die.”

I sat there dazed for a while, then I recalled seeing a bible in Ishmael’s odd collection of books. In fact, there were three. I fetched them and after a few minutes of study looked up and said, “None of these has any comment to make on why this tree should have been forbidden to Adam.”
“Were you expecting them to?”
“Well . . . yes.”
“The Takers write the notes, and this story has always been an impenetrable mystery to them. They’ve never been able to figure out why the knowledge of good and evil should have been forbidden to man. Don’t you see why?”
“No.”
“Because, to the Takers, this knowledge is the very best knowledge of all—the most beneficial for man to have. This being so, why would the gods forbid it to him?”
“True.”
“The knowledge of good and evil is fundamentally the knowledge the rulers of the world must exercise, because every single thing they do is good for some but evil for others. This is what ruling is all about, isn’t it?”
“Yes.”
“And man was born to rule the world, wasn’t he?”
“Yes. According to Taker mythology.”
“Then why would the gods withhold the very knowledge man needs to fulfill his destiny? From the Taker point of view, it makes no sense at all.”
“True.”
“The disaster occurred when, ten thousand years ago, the people of your culture said, ‘We’re as wise as the gods and can rule the world as well as they.’ When they took into their own hands the power of life and death over the world, their doom was assured.”
“Yes. Because they are not in fact as wise as the gods.”
“The gods ruled the world for billions of years, and it was doing just fine. After just a few thousand years of human rule, the world is at the point of death.”
“True. But the Takers will never give it up.”
Ishmael shrugged. “Then they’ll die. As predicted. The authors of this story knew what they were talking about.”

“And you’re saying this story was written from a Leaver point of view?”
“That’s right. If it had been written from the Taker point of view, the knowledge of good and evil wouldn’t have been forbidden to Adam, it would have been thrust upon him. The gods would have hung around saying, ‘Come on, Man, can’t you see that you’re nothing without this knowledge? Stop living off our bounty like a lion or a wombat. Here, have some of this fruit and you’ll instantly realize that you’re naked—as naked as any lion or wombat: naked to the world, powerless. Come on, have some of this fruit and become one of us. Then, lucky you, you can leave this garden and begin living by the sweat of your brow, the way humans are supposed to live.’ And if people of your cultural persuasion had authored it, this event wouldn’t be called the Fall, it would be called the Ascent—or as you put it earlier, the Liberation.”
“Very true. . . . But I’m not quite sure how this fits in with everything else.”
“We are furthering your understanding of how things came to be this way.”
“I don’t get it.”
“A minute ago, you told me that the Takers will never give up their tyranny over the world, no matter how bad things get. How did they get to be this way?”
I goggled at him.
“They got to be this way because they’ve always believed that what they were doing was right—and therefore to be done at any cost whatever. They’ve always believed that, like the gods, they know what is right to do and what is wrong to do, and what they’re doing is right. Do you see how they’ve demonstrated what I’m saying?”
“Not offhand.”
Quote:
“So we come again to this question: Where did the Semites get the idea that the people of the Fertile Crescent had eaten at the gods’ own tree of knowledge?”
“Ah,” I said. “I would say it was a sort of reconstruction. They looked at the people they were fighting and said, ‘My God, how did they get this way?’ ”
“And what was their answer?”
“Well . . . ‘What’s wrong with these people? What’s wrong with our brothers from the north? Why are they doing this to us? They act like . . .’ Let me think about this for a bit.”
“Take your time.”
“Okay,” I said a few minutes later. “Here’s how it would look to the Semites, I think. ‘What’s going on here is something wholly new. These aren’t raiding parties. These aren’t people drawing a line and baring their teeth at us to make sure we know they’re there. These guys are saying . . . Our brothers from the north are saying that we’ve got to die. They’re saying Abel has to be wiped out. They’re saying we’re not to be allowed to live. Now that’s something new, and we don’t get it. Why can’t they live up there and be farmers and let us live down here and be herders? Why do they have to murder us?’
“ ‘Something really weird must have happened up there to turn these people into murderers. What could it have been?
Wait, a second . . . Look at the way these people live. Nobody has ever lived this way before. They’re not just saying that we have to die. They’re saying that everything has to die. They’re not just killing us, they’re killing everything. They’re saying, “Okay, lions, you’re dead. We’ve had it with you. You’re out of here.” They’re saying, “Okay, wolves, we’ve had it with you too. You’re out of here.” They’re saying . . . “Nobody eats but us. All this food belongs to us and no one else can have any without our permission.” They’re saying, “What we want to live lives and what we want to die dies.”
“ ‘That’s it! They’re acting as if they were the gods themselves. They’re acting as if they eat at the gods’ own tree of wisdom, as though they were as wise as the gods and could send life and death wherever they please. Yes, that’s it. That’s what must have happened up there. These people found the gods’ own tree of wisdom and stole some of its fruit.
“ ‘Aha! Right! These are an accursed people! You can see that right off the bat. When the gods found out what they’d done, they said, “Okay, you wretched people, that’s it for you! We’re not taking care of you anymore. You’re out. We banish you from the garden. From now on, instead of living on our bounty, you can wrest your food from the ground by the sweat of your brows.” And that’s how these accursed tillers of the soil came to be hunting us down and watering their fields with our blood.’ ”
When I finished, I saw that Ishmael was putting his hands together in mute applause.
I replied with a smirk and a modest nod.

“One of the clearest indications that these two stories were not authored by your cultural ancestors is the fact that agriculture is not portrayed as a desirable choice, freely made, but rather as a curse. It was literally inconceivable to the authors of these stories that anyone would prefer to live by the sweat of his brow. So the question they asked themselves was not, ‘Why did these people adopt this toilsome life–style?’ It was, ‘What terrible misdeed did these people commit to deserve such a punishment? What have they done to make the gods withhold from them the bounty that enables the rest of us to live a carefree life?’ ”
“Yes, that’s obvious now. In our own cultural history, the adoption of agriculture was a prelude to ascent. In these stories, agriculture is the lot of the fallen.”

“I have a question,” I said. “Why did they describe Cain as Adam’s firstborn and Abel as Adam’s second born?”
Ishmael nodded. “The significance is mythological rather than chronological. I mean that you’ll find this motif in folktales everywhere: When you have a father with two sons, one worthy and one unworthy, the unworthy son is almost always the cherished firstborn, while the worthy son is the second born—which is to say, the underdog in the story.”
“They’ve demonstrated it by forcing everyone in the world to do what they do, to live the way they live. Everyone had to be forced to live like the Takers, because the Takers had the one right way.”

http://www.harpers.org/archive/2004/02/0079915
Quote:
Why humans might have traded this approach for the complexities of agriculture is an interesting and long-debated question, especially because the skeletal evidence clearly indicates that early farmers were more poorly nourished, more disease-ridden and deformed, than their hunter-gatherer contemporaries. Farming did not improve most lives. The evidence that best points to the answer, I think, lies in the difference between early agricultural villages and their pre-agricultural counterparts—the presence not just of grain but of granaries and, more tellingly, of just a few houses significantly larger and more ornate than all the others attached to those granaries. Agriculture was not so much about food as it was about the accumulation of wealth. It benefited some humans, and those people have been in charge ever since.
Levite you say things are too complex, and need many solutions ? There is one single solution to all the problems of today. Just that we cannot apply it right now , we need to crash and burn as a civilization first. The story above and in the bible is about Cain the agriculture human killing Abel the hunter gatherer. And it is written from a hunter gatherer perspective who sees the slaves working the fields as cursed. And indeed they are cursed to live a life of hard work chasing shiny stuff, separate themselves from the others, competing among them, and gathering the shiny objects , until they become each a Gollum inside his cave.

http://www.ashidakim.com/zenkoans/16...uddhahood.html
Quote:
A university student while visiting Gasan asked him: "Have you ever read the Christian Bible?"

"No, read it to me," said Gasan.

The student opened the Bible and read from St. Matthew: "And why take ye thought for rainment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow. They toil not, neither do they spin, and yet I say unto you that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these... Take therefore no thought for the morrow, for the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself."

Gasan said: "Whoever uttered those words I consider an enlightened man."

The student continued reading: "Ask and it shall be given you, seek and ye shall find, knock and it shall be opened unto you. For everyone that asketh receiveth, and he that seeketh findeth, and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened."

Gasan remarked: "That is excellent. Whoever said that is not far from Buddhahood."
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Old 06-04-2009, 11:08 PM   #8 (permalink)
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“As the flight begins, all is well. Our would–be airman has been pushed off the edge of the cliff and is pedaling away, and the wings of his craft are flapping like crazy. He’s feeling wonderful, ecstatic. He’s experiencing the freedom of the air. What he doesn’t realize, however, is that this craft is aerodynamically incapable of flight. It simply isn’t in compliance with the laws that make flight possible—but he would laugh if you told him this, He’s never heard of such laws, knows nothing about them. He would point at those flapping wings and say, ‘See? Just like a bird!’ Nevertheless, whatever he thinks, he’s not in flight. He’s an unsupported object falling toward the center of the earth. He’s not in flight, he’s in free fall. Are you with me so far?”

“Yes.”

“Fortunately—or, rather, unfortunately for our airman—he chose a very high cliff to launch his craft from. His disillusionment is a long way off in time and space. There he is in free fall, feeling wonderful and congratulating himself on his triumph. He’s like the man in the joke who jumps out of a ninetieth–floor window on a bet. As he passes the tenth floor, he says to himself, ‘Well, so far so good!’

“There he is in free fall, experiencing the exhilaration of what he takes to be flight. From his great height he can see for miles around, and one thing he sees puzzles him: The floor of the valley is dotted with craft just like his—not crashed, simply abandoned. ‘Why,’ he wonders, ‘aren’t these craft in the air instead of sitting on the ground? What sort of fools would abandon their aircraft when they could be enjoying the freedom of the air?’ Ah well, the behavioral quirks of less talented, earthbound mortals are none of his concern. However, looking down into the valley has brought something else to his attention. He doesn’t seem to be maintaining his altitude. In fact, the earth seems to be rising up toward him. Well, he’s not very worried about that. After all, his flight has been a complete success up to now, and there’s no reason why it shouldn’t go on being a success. He just has to pedal a little harder, that’s all.

“So far so good. He thinks with amusement of those who predicted that his flight would end in disaster, broken bones, and death. Here he is, he’s come all this way, and he hasn’t even gotten a bruise, much less a broken bone. But then he looks down again, and what he sees really disturbs him. The law of gravity is catching up to him at the rate of thirty–two feet per second per second—at an accelerating rate. The ground is now rushing up toward him in an alarming way. He’s disturbed but far from desperate. ‘My craft has brought me this far in safety,’ he tells himself. ‘I just have to keep going.’ And so he starts pedaling with all his might. Which of course does him no good at all, because his craft simply isn’t in accord with the laws of aerodynamics. Even if he had the power of a thousand men in his legs—ten thousand, a million—that craft is not going to achieve flight. That craft is doomed—and so is he unless he abandons it.”

“Right. I see what you’re saying, but I don’t see the connection with what we’re talking about here.”

Ishmael nodded. “Here is the connection. Ten thousand years ago, the people of your culture embarked on a similar flight: a civilizational flight. Their craft wasn’t designed according to any theory at all. Like our imaginary airman, they were totally unaware that there is a law that must be complied with in order to achieve civilizational flight. They didn’t even wonder about it. They wanted the freedom of the air, and so they pushed off in the first contraption that came to hand: the Taker Thunderbolt.

“At first all was well. In fact, all was terrific. The Takers were pedaling away and the wings of their craft were flapping beautifully. They felt wonderful, exhilarated. They were experiencing the freedom of the air: freedom from restraints that bind and limit the rest of the biological community. And with that freedom came marvels—all the things you mentioned the other day: urbanization, technology, literacy, mathematics, science.

“Their flight could never end, it could only go on becoming more and more exciting. They couldn’t know, couldn’t even have guessed that, like our hapless airman, they were in the air but not in flight. They were in free fall, because their craft was simply not in compliance with the law that makes flight possible. But their disillusionment is far away in the future, and so they’re pedaling away and having a wonderful time. Like our airman, they see strange sights in the course of their fall. They see the remains of craft very like their own—not destroyed, merely abandoned—by the Maya, by the Hohokam, by the Anasazi, by the peoples of the Hopewell cult, to mention only a few
of those found here in the New World. ‘Why,’ they wonder, ‘are these craft on the ground instead of in the air? Why would any people prefer to be earthbound when they could have the freedom of the air, as we do?’ It’s beyond comprehension, an unfathomable mystery.

“Ah well, the vagaries of such foolish people are nothing to the Takers. They’re pedaling away and having a wonderful time. They’re not going to abandon their craft. They’re going to enjoy the freedom of the air forever. But alas, a law is catching up to them. They don’t know such a law even exists, but this ignorance affords them no protection from its effects. This is a law as unforgiving as the law of gravity, and it’s catching up to them in exactly the same way the law of gravity caught up to our airman: at an accelerating rate.

“Some gloomy nineteenth–century thinkers, like Robert Wallace and Thomas Robert Malthus, look down. A thousand years before, even five hundred years before, they would probably have noticed nothing. But now what they see alarms them. It’s as though the ground is rushing up to meet them—as though they are going to crash. They do some figuring and say, ‘If we go on this way, we’re going to be in big trouble in the not–too–distant future.’ The other Takers shrug their predictions off. ‘We’ve come all this enormous way and haven’t even received so much as a scratch. It’s true the ground seems to be rising up to meet us, but that just means we’ll have to pedal a little harder. Not to worry.’ Nevertheless, just as was predicted, famine soon becomes a routine condition of life in many parts of the Taker Thunderbolt—and the Takers have to pedal even harder and more efficiently than before. But oddly enough, the harder and more efficiently they pedal, the worse conditions become. Very strange. Peter Farb calls it a paradox: ‘Intensification of production to feed an increased population leads to a still greater increase in population.’ ‘Never mind,’ the Takers said. ‘We’ll just have to put some people pedaling away on a reliable method of birth control. Then the Taker Thunderbolt will fly forever.’

“But such simple answers aren’t enough to reassure the people of your culture nowadays. Everyone is looking down, and it’s obvious that the ground is rushing up toward you—and rushing up faster every year. Basic ecological and planetary systems are being impacted by the Taker Thunderbolt, and that impact increases in intensity every year. Basic, irreplaceable resources are being devoured every year—and they’re being devoured more greedily every year. Whole species are disappearing as a result of your encroachment—and they’re disappearing in greater numbers every year. Pessimists—or it may be that they’re realists—look down and say, ‘Well, the crash may be twenty years off or maybe as much as fifty years off. Actually it could happen anytime. There’s no way to be sure.’ But of course there are optimists as well, who say, ‘We must have faith in our craft. After all, it has brought us
this far in safety. What’s ahead isn’t doom, it’s just a little hump that we can clear if we all just pedal a little harder. Then we’ll soar into a glorious, endless future, and the Taker Thunderbolt will take us to the stars and we’ll conquer the universe itself.’ But your craft isn’t going to save you. Quite the contrary, it’s your craft that’s carrying you toward catastrophe. Five billion of you pedaling away—or ten billion or twenty billion—can’t make it fly. It’s been in free fall from the beginning, and that fall is about to end.” At last I had something of my own to add to this.

“The worst part of it is this,” I said, “that the survivors, if there are any, will immediately set about doing it all over again, exactly the same way.”


Daniel Quinn - Ishmael (English) - Fiction, Books, and Daniel
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Old 06-07-2009, 09:47 PM   #9 (permalink)
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I’m deeply repelled by the ideas this author presents - he doesn’t give human kind enough credit.

I don’t believe in a separation between civilization and nature. Human civilization is part of nature. I find it ironic that people who are out to save this planet often forget this fact. There is no “wholesome” holistic path. The towers of Three Mile Island are natural to this planet as an anthill.

There is also this notion that at some point human beings were pure until (culture, society, religion, language, etc.) corrupted us. We’ll never find such transitions. We are the product of history.

Finally there is much judgment in his work without alternatives. Such mantras are easy to fall prey too because they cater to our insecurities. We hear what we want. This is a prime example of taking a metaphor too far. In the end his attempt to replace one "story" with another is propagating the very thing he initially set out to dispel.

Sadly, I can’t debate opinion. I can only offer my own opinions in return.
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Old 06-08-2009, 08:46 PM   #10 (permalink)
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Quote:
Originally Posted by pai mei View Post
Levite you say things are too complex, and need many solutions ? There is one single solution to all the problems of today. Just that we cannot apply it right now , we need to crash and burn as a civilization first. The story above and in the bible is about Cain the agriculture human killing Abel the hunter gatherer. And it is written from a hunter gatherer perspective who sees the slaves working the fields as cursed. And indeed they are cursed to live a life of hard work chasing shiny stuff, separate themselves from the others, competing among them, and gathering the shiny objects , until they become each a Gollum inside his cave.

Zen Koans - AshidaKim.com
Well, needless to say, I agree with Mantus. In addition to my previous critiques of Quinn-- and, by the way, the extensive further quoting of Quinn has not in any way answered those critiques-- I have to note that he offers no practical alternatives save for-- as Pai Mei notes-- essentially the radical dismantling of modern culture; which is not only impractical, it is, in my belief, deeply counterproductive. One does not find solutions to problems by running away from them. Progress is, by definition, always a forward motion, and Quinn's anarchic luddism is nothing but moving backward. The notion that the human race must cease its forward motion and do its best to regress into what we were ten thousand years ago is simply unacceptable.

As for Quinn's interpretation of the Cain/Abel story, that might be his interpretation, but it certainly isn't one of mine. And it is, I might add, a deeply un-Jewish idea that there is such a thing as a "one" correct or right reading of a Bible verse. And as I am Jewish, I resist the idea that Quinn's reading is any better than anyone else's-- I also don't see relevance for me, personally, in the linked quote you attach, since I didn't agree with those sentiments when Jesus said them, the fact that a Zen master likes them, or that Quinn might like them, don't do much for me either.

I am a teacher. I spend my life teaching sacred text and spiritual philosophy to people, mostly high school kids. My wife is a teacher and chaplain, and spends her life teaching people--mostly college and graduate students-- sacred text and compassionate spiritual healing and ministering to the sick. Your depiction of a life spent in "hard work chasing shiny stuff, separating themselves from the others, competing among them, and gathering the shiny objects" bears no resemblance to my life, or my wife's, or the lives of many if not most of our friends. Therefore, it seems patently obvious to me that it is eminently possible to live in modern society without devolving into slavering materialists obsessed with nothing but masturbatory blind acquisition.

That Quinn believes we have exhausted all the possibilities of modern society, and that all Western culture is inherently unsalvageable is, to me, ridiculous and offensive, especially considering that he does not appear to even be an expert in Christian and secular culture, let alone the other cultures that make up Western society.
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That thing which elemented it.

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Old 06-18-2009, 03:38 AM   #11 (permalink)
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There is only one culture - capitalism.
Look at a video game. An RPG. There you find some "organizations" you can join. How do they behave ? Like tribes, mafia. Maybe capitalist on the outside but inside once you are one of them, it's like a tribe, a family.

See my other thread, about how I see a new world (order ? ) :
http://www.tfproject.org/tfp/general...ilization.html
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Old 04-15-2011, 09:19 PM   #12 (permalink)
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I'm interested to discuss the implications of Quinn's work. He doesn't in fact suggest that we go back to a hunter gatherer lifestyle - but that we think about the way our lives are running now and innovate new ways based on what worked in old ways, to get our needs met without further distruction of our natural habitat.
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Old 04-29-2011, 10:18 PM   #13 (permalink)
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While I hated the writing style of the book I did really enjoy exploring the concepts Quinn was discussing.

His take on the old testament was interesting. And while there is a lot credit to Levite's position, there was one statement in the book that really struck me. Somewhere along the lines we forgot how to live our lives.

Now I know I can be easily disputed on that one, but it was an idea I found particularly applicable to myself, and idea that is particularly applicable to a lot of people I know. Perhaps it's just something specific to antipodean culture at the moment.

Modern society is facing a number of problems that are complex with complex origins and have no silver bullet solution. But one thing we need to do more of in our society is to question if we're really any happier. Mental illness is something that is starting to get much worse where I live. People don't feel good about themselves, we worry too much, and we feel like we have no control over our on lives any more. Perhaps we've always had these problems and the way we are now is no different to the way we've always been. Perhaps there's an industry trying to make us think we feel like shit so we spend money to make ourselves feel better.

As Levite said, rolling back change isn't going to get us anywhere, it's unworkable. We have to progress. But keep in mind, even if near destroy ourselves in the process and learn some very hard lessons and have to move forward from square one again, that's still a progression, it's still part of an evolutionary process.

Human biology isn't going to move forward, we simply don't need to, the new evolution is ideas. The strongest ideas will survive, the weakest ideas will not. But bit by bit, as we continue to advance at such a rapid pace, we'll figure out what will work and what doesn't.
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Old 06-12-2011, 08:13 AM   #14 (permalink)
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Hello forum! This is my first post here. Hope there will be more to come.

I read Ishmael about 10 years ago and it had a deep impact on my thinking. One of the many struggles for me has been to try to get a handle on the actual worldview that Quinn is talking about in Ishmael. One struggle has been that he has chosen to call it "mother culture" and that kinda deflected a bit from my thinking that this is all a one single culture. But Im considering the possibility that the civilization is not a one single culture, but two or three cultures that are in a headlock with eachother. The main stream of its intellectual foundation comes from the Abrahamic religion that has branched out from Judaism to incorporate and subvert the "heathen" cultures through Christianity and Islam.

The destiny of all these three religions is to have a one world government. Christianity wants a one world government under Jesus son of Jehova, Islam wants a one world government under al'Mahid wich is the Muslim name for the Messiah and the Jews want a one world government under their messiah.

So the argument that is passed around between these three religions is about who is that future one world dictator and who is gonna be his high priests? The Christians, the Jews or the Muslims?

I dont think neither the Christians nor the Muslims understand what this means and what it would imply. For the Jews it has been their mission for a long time. Judaism was formed around the concept of a messiah in the Babylonian era. A future king that would come to save the jews and establish world peace. The Muslims disagree and think that they are the chosen people, and the Christians think that the Jews are the synagoge of satan and that the Christians are the chosen people.

What a mess this is... but there is a logical explanation for all of it.

A fundamental aspect of civilization is that people living in it are prisoners. But what are people prisoners of? Its true they are imprisoned by the mythology of civilization, and its also true that they are imprisoned by the systems that are built on this mythology. So what are these systems that imprison people and force them to play along wether they like it or not? Im gonna get into some nitty gritty stuff here so please bear with me.

The control systems of civilization are the "institutions". The legal institutions, the financial institutions, the religious institutions, the job institutions and the military institutions.

The financial and legal institutions regulate the job and military institutions and the religious institution is what forms the philosophical backbone for them. The amazing feat of religion is that it has managed to brainwash every population into becoming militant about all these institutions and defending them to the death and thereby also defending their own imprisonment - but unwittingly so, as brainwashed serfs.

Let me give a few examples. The ideology of communism was said by some to help people who were at the bottom of society. The problem according to communism was that society had "classes" that oppressed the underdog. And so the "solution" of communism was to give the workers a right to the means of production.

But if we look at this a little closer, in what way would a serf become more free by having a right to the means of production? If we would compare it with the slaves/workers of egypt who built the pyramids. What difference would it be to drag stones up the pyramid knowing that someone else had the right to the means of making the stones, or knowing that you had the legal right to the means to make them? Youre still doing the same job.

The same kind of paradox happends in the ideology of liberalism. According to liberalism people must constantly defend their liberaty and freedom from oppression and the means to liberate people is through law. But what is freedom? What decides what freedom is and what it isnt? The law. Nothing else can say what freedom is because law is what restricts and punishes on the one hand and allows and sets free on the other hand. So when the liberals are talking about how the law sets them free, ofcource it does! But only if you follow it! If you dont follow it then youre put into prison. In other words, people who live under the law are always under someone elses administrative power and MUST obey that power. Anyone who MUST obey someone else IS a slave.

The trick is to make people defend something that is actually putting them into imprisonment and slavery.

Let me take another example. In the Bible we read that Adam and Eve became condemned to die when they got the knowledge of good and evil. What is that knowledge? Lets put it this way? What kind of knowledge decides what is good and what is evil? The answer is the Law. The law says who are good and who are evil. Christianity is based on the idea that the law is a curse. Everyone who is under the law is accursed. Therefore Jesus willingly died on the cross to pay for the curse and through believing that Jesus will be the future world dictator and Jewish messiah, people will be freed from that curse.

But even if Jesus died to save us from the law, the Christian culture does not seem to exactly avoid the court systems. In fact it defends the custom of law with tooth and nail. According to Christendom, people who do wrong must be punished, period! So far from liberating humanity from the curse of the law, Christianity has instead brough the custom of law and the legal tradition to all corners of the world. So how do Christianity achieve this paradox? Because Christianity says that this world is Satans domain and the liberation will come after you die. But while we are here in this world we must fight the evil powers of Satan.

The trickery continues with Islam. A religion that is supposed to be about peace. The religion may be peaceful but the adherents are in no way peaceful. They are warriors and soldiers of Allah.

The trickery that someone, be it mother culture or someone else, is playing on peoples minds is that it turns everybody into defending their own state of slavehood to the system and administration who controls those systems.

The financial system with money wich was long thought to be a tool for freedom and progress has instead turned into a debt slavery to the owners of debt. The religious system wich was thought to be a liberation from the curse of sin has instead insisted upon sin and made every independant human impulse into an act of rebellion. The job institution wich is supposed to bring progress to society is slowly turning into a mandatory place where you must go to get those "tickets to the club" (money). If you dont go to the working place you become a social outcast and you can only continue to be allowed to exist at all thanks to the social institution that exists to give the members of civilization a sense of generosity.

There is a rule about all games that the house always wins. There are no exceptions to that rule because they house sets the rules. Once you participate in a game, then you will have to be prepared to lose. Only players can lose, the house never loses because the house is not playing the game, it is only setting the stage for the game to take place.

And if we look at the civilization, what better metaphore for its institutions could there be but that its made up of a bunch of games? The game is like a religion for people. Sports and athlete metaphores abound in all professions, inculding the school. The professional game of getting a career and getting ahead and advancing. The schooling game of being dutiful and study hard so that you can earn your degree so you can get into the next game of the professional world. The game of law where you have to obey the contract or being a civilian and if you break that contract you have two more chances before youre out for good, out of the game and into the game of the prisonhouse where you have to play another game of being a convict. The house always wins. Leaving the civilization is therefore not so much about what we do for a living, but about avoiding and leaving the game houses. Because we dont need them just to make a living. We have just had the "luck" of having been born into one of these games and are compelled from all sides to participate. But as the saying goes, what comes around goes around, if you play the game you have to be prepared to lose, but the house wont, the house always wins.

What all game houses do is that they convince people that they can win and live a life of luxury. Some, very few, do win and many of those who win spend their winning buying things from the same house that told them they could win. They can live in comfort for a while in the game house, but once they have spent their earnings they are back into the game again. For the house to make any earnings of its own, wich it does in plenty, is to keep all the players busy and under pressure. If you dont win you have no chance to make it in the house because it is carefully guarded. If you cheat and try to get something without following the rules youre punished and put into another form of debt. While playing the game people are demanded to act "perfect" in that they have to be professional about what they do, we call that professionalism to be "civil" or "civilized".

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