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First of all, the earth is not significantly moving closer to the sun. The earth was cooler back in the day because of natural processes, the same sort of processes that create ice ages.
And the fact that he was depicted as white has more to do with the nature of medieval art than anything else. Until the renaissance, and the "Age of the World Picture", painters painted everyone (that's right, everyone, not just Jesus) as a European, most often dressed as a typical inhabitant of that reason. So a Tuscanese painter would paint Charlemagne as a Tuscan nobleman, a French painter would paint Caesar as a French nobleman, and so on. They didn't have the same sense of historicity as we do, and so were quite freely anachronistic.
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"Die Deutschen meinen, daß die Kraft sich in Härte und Grausamkeit offenbaren müsse, sie unterwerfen sich dann gerne und mit Bewunderung:[...]. Daß es Kraft giebt in der Milde und Stille, das glauben sie nicht leicht."
"The Germans believe that power must reveal itself in hardness and cruelty and then submit themselves gladly and with admiration[...]. They do not believe readily that there is power in meekness and calm."
-- Friedrich Nietzsche
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