If I understand you right these are called "cryptograms". Letter frequency and word frequency are key. E is the most common letter in the English language, so a good start would be to go thru the passage, count the occurrences of each letter and substitute E for the most common. "The" is one of the most common words, so if you see a lot of 3-letter words ending in E, then make that guess for T and H and see if it makes sense. Any common 3-letter combos that are NOT "the" are probably "and". And so on...if E was a bad guess, then try the 2nd, it's almost surely one of the top 3 top occurring letters in the sample. The most common letter that ends 3-letter combos the most often is almost surely E.
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