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Thats not true they knew it off the start - the scientists who tested it at the Trinity test site in New Mexico didn't even know what the bomb would do - some though it would open a vortex (seriously, its quoted somewhere).
The Japanese were confused as fuck as to what the weapons were - they said it was a poison bomb because of the radiation. They had no clue nor the manufacturing ability to produce the bombs.
And yes I know of the Germans that were being held at the time - the lead designer of the German bomb (name slips from me at this moment) had the final calculation all wrong on the bomb - whether his conscience kicked in or he seriously got it wrong we may never know, but the Germans weren't shocked, they also saw the pictures taken and were amazed it even worked.
As for the invasion... the thing is, the Japanese were very confused as to what happened. All they knew is that the cities were wiped out in seconds - and that people were dying from radiation (which they were't aware of).
You think the civilians wouldn't have fought harder? they barely even knew of the bombs, the gov't could've hid the news, and remember - whatever the emperor says, the people do. If the emperor was a nut (thankfully he wasn't) - he could've listened to mnay of his generals and held out to the end if he wanted to.
The real decision came down to the emperor - the bombs only hastened / tilted his decision.
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