Generally, rimfire is used in small cartridges like .22 lr (which are too small for centerfire to be practical), while centerfire is used in the larger cartridges.
The reasons for this are simple.
1. You can't reload rimfire cartridges since it is impossible to replace the primer.
2. In larger calibers, centerfire cartridges are far more accurate and reliable than rimfire cartridges. This is because the primer in a rimfire cartridge starts burning at one place on the outside of the case and burns around the cartridge, which doesn't consistently ignite the powder in the same way each time. Centerfire primers blow out from the center of the cartridge and ignite the powder in a very uniform way which increases accuracy.
So centerfire cartridges are cheaper, more accurate, and more reliable than their rimfire counterparts.
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