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I would have to go with members of the Sumerian culture (although most remain nameless). They were the first people to invent the wheel (although it is speculative), writing, irrigation, mass religion, advanced architecture, our calendar, the circle being cut into 360 degrees, and all that other fun stuff. Their conquests also brought together much of the "known world" back in the day, increasing trade and the flow of information instead of new inventions being localized in one area.
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