from my comprehension of your description of ubermensche, it sounds almost reflective of buddhist theology...but then i dont really understand either all that well
...anyway from what i gather it's a matter of giving up the social conformity and let go of instinctive desires and whatnot and displace all efforts into...i suppose as your friend did, in achievment of some sort...
personally i think this is very well possible...for certan people. ie. geniuses...we're talking real geniuses who live their lives through their work. like einstein, or stephen hawkings, or eccentric writers like virginia woolf...it's a generalization but something they all have in commn is not only hard work which everyone should have...or do...but a predisposition to be that way...to be talented and be geniuses...i know no matter how hard i work i cant be that smart...so in a sense maybe its a genetic thing? What i am saying is those uberppl, well they do and can exist, but not by just forgetting everything you are and then work super hard...but also already possess a certain tendency towards it. Something between the lines of genetics and destiny.
My mother who is a scholar once told me this story and since i only remember the plot not the ppl it must sound very untrustworthy, nonetheless, there was a writer...a very reknowned writer who as a little boy was brought up by his father to be a genius...he was more or less sheltered from society...and grew up writing profound pieces of work...by the time he was thirty or so...he commited suicide.
As uncivilised as it seems, there's a reason the society is fixated on sex and other seemingly boorish things and impractical things, ie. emotions. So instead of declaring the world as a bunch of philistines, make a compromise between the two. My guess is perhaps you are a student [i am.]? or young nonetheless, and the young can displace emotions like its nothing as thats the time of their lives when they get things done and such and such...but as humans get older...there is a change in priorities...and emotions become very important even if it wasnt before...after all i consider it to be a defining characteristic of the human experience.
So if i had the choice of being a uberfdasdfasf...i wouldnt take it, i love loving and hating and being lazy and mean and all the flaws and virtues that define me too much to give it up. What good can come out of being a ubermensche? even if you acheive something great...theres no such thing as joy or pride for the person. which is rather boring...