What Baraka Guru said. The US had to solidify it's position to the powers as a state to be reckoned with. The Japanese culture had a strong sense of death before dishonor hence the many planned but poorly executed kamikaze attacks. Because of that, the US had feared that any peace treaties enforced by any third party would not only be temporary but open the door to further aggressors. The US only used the bomb to demonstrate that it can finish what it started or what YOU started for that matter.
The US also wanted to demonstrate to the Russians that they had perfected the technology and were willing to use it if necessary.
On an unrelated note, I have always wondered why the Japanese attacked the US in the first place.
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