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A student who graduates Medical School is officially a "doctor." Once they graduate, they have to spend a minimum of three years learning in a hospital environment. During these three years, they are known as "residents." First-year residents are known as "interns." Once they finish their residency, they can either be an "attending" physician at the hospital, go into family practice, or go on to further learning in a specialty, known as Fellowships. Once they complete the program, they can be Board-certified in that specialty.

As far as whether the care you receive will be better or worse than in a non-teaching hospital depends on how closely the residents are watched over by the attending physicians.
Also, vicodin is a morphine derivative, so it's impossible for one to give you relief while the other one won't. Taking vicodin will raise your tolerance to morphine, though. That's probably what happened.

Disclaimer: I'm no doctor, so if there are any here who want to correct me, feel free.

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If you want to avoid 95% of internet spelling errors:
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It won't hurt your fashion sense, either.