Well, a problem of such complexity and so many variables can't really be solved per se, because you'd have to have a perfect picture of the current situation (tough with water) and incredibly accurate prognosis of how the local population would grow and what would happen to the river in the future. As yournamehere stated, it's been tried and IMHO, it's impossible. The way to solve problems like this is to revert to the most basic available data, compromise and set frequent re-evaluations.
That's theory, though. If you really wanna know, look up the river Jordan in the middle east. Now I'm not saying it's gonna be like that, but...
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