I think that Jungian personality tests like one you describe above are useful for self-exploration. I took a bunch of them in high school and enjoyed reading the results. (The results described all the many famous people throughout history that had personalities similar to my own).
From what I know, Jungian personality tests don't have much predictive validity - they don't do a very good job of predicting actual behaviors.
Tests based on the "Big Five" (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) tend to do a better job of predicting behavior across a variety of domains (romantic behaviors, work behavior, etc.). Big Five personality inventories are favored by academics because of their predictive validity. Unfortunately, examining your personal results on such inventories isn't that exciting.
The "biggest and best" personality inventory is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. It requires a significant amount of time to complete. It has a high level of predictive validity across a variety of domains. If I recall correctly, it's not legal for most employers to require their applicants to take - it tells too much about the individual. You won't find one available to take online. If you do, it's probably b.s.
If I were you, I would avoid most online personality inventories, or at least take them with a grain of salt. Most of them have little or no predictive validity - they don't hold up under academic scrutiny. Even if we only consider those inventories that have predictive validity, I'm not sure how helpful knowing one's personality is. That said, personality inventories can be fun.
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