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Ibuprofen is an NSAID (Non-Steriodal Anti-Inlamatory Drug) which places it into the same family as Aspirin and several other drugs with similar names (fenbrufen, naproxen, and so on).
They generally work by affecting prostaglandin chemistry, by inhibiting the action of COX-1 and COX-2.
Prostaglandins are involved in inflamation, fever, pain and various other things (which is why this family of drugs can seriously damage the linig of the stomach if used for a long time).
Aspirin famously "thins the blood" because of this; of course, this is bollocks - the actual viscosity is not affected, but the clotting time is increased, so blood doesn't form plaques (i.e. scabs) inside the blood vessels.
Long story short, they decrease swelling and fever (removing the sources of discomfort) and "turn down" the perception of pain.
As other people have said, emotions are not regulated this way (they relate to serrotonin not prostaglandin), and perception of feeling is similarly NOT related to prostaglandin.
The only way to shut down ALL forms of perception is to use anaesthetic.
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Overhead, the Albatross hangs motionless upon the air,
And deep beneath the rolling waves,
In labyrinths of Coral Caves,
The Echo of a distant time
Comes willowing across the sand;
And everthing is Green and Submarine
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