I just read about this a few weeks ago in my psychology class!
The three temperaments are 'easy,' 'difficult,' & 'slow to warm up.' And they came from a classic study called the 'New York Longitudinal Study" (NYLS).
I don't really see much information on the web regarding this study, except for some books.
Our textbook also mentions another set of classifications called 'The Big Five' or OCEAN for:
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Here's the wiki page on them:
Big Five personality traits - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
and there is a test here:
The Personality Project
and here is another one (300 questions - big):
IPIP NEO-PI, Introductory Information
I'm glad you got some answers you can work with.