The Computerhope article you linked to covers all the basics, so there must be a more obscure cause for this problem.
I know in the past I've seen similar messages when a computer has tried to boot from a USB flash drive or external hard drive instead of your first internal hard drive - my suggestion would be to unplug everything other then the screen, power, keyboard and mouse and see if that helps at all.
If this doesn't seem to make a difference, try running the FIXBOOT and FIXMBR commands from the Windows recovery console, just as you did with CHKDSK in the Computerhope article. These will write a new partition boot sector and master boot record respectively, and can often solve similar problems.
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