As far as the filter, that's usually inexpensive enough that given your recent driving experience, I would just replace it....but you could examine it; if it was mostly dry dust, take the filter element out...again I'm not sure but it looks to be a rectangular panel filter...and firmly tap it on the ground/pavement a few times and see if dust/dirt fall out of it. You can also spray the filter with a water hose...even a pretty aggressive spray but not so strong as to tear the filter; first spray the water opposite to the normal airflow so you are "backwashing" it; then spray it from both sides...let it completely dry and if it looks clean it's probably OK.
A new MAF is likely to cost at least a couple hundred U.S. dollars and is not normally a common replacement item, so as it ages it should just be cleaned. You can literally look inside it and see if it looks dirty.
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