RB, by my understanding (I've been studying WWII at length since I was in my early teens), the US had decoded the Japanese communications by as early as February. They intercepted communications about surrender as early as March, and had confirmed reports in April through June. The Japanese even tried to use allies of the US as intermediaries. Their one condition was to not harm the Emperor.
One thing that cannot be disputed is that Japan had lost it's ability to wage war long before either bomb was dropped. They were no longer a threat to anyone, let alone the US. So dropping the bombs could not have been done in order to prevent the loss of more lives or to stop Japanese aggressions.
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