The CAGED system is a method of describing the major chords available in the open position and the scale patterns based on them. The five major chords that can be played in the open position with standard tuning are C, A, G, E and D - hence, CAGED. These chords form the chord shapes, which can be moved up and down the neck in barre chords to play any of the 12 major chords. Therefore, if you know how to play the major scales based on these shapes you can also play any of the 12 major scales.
I'd love to point you to some resources, except that I'm self-taught on guitar in the most literal sense of the term - I picked up a guitar one day and began applying my knowledge of music learned elsewhere to it. I've picked up bits and pieces along the way, but I can't really point you towards any online lessons or tutorials because I've never used any.
A G Ionian scale is just another name for a G Major scale. When you say an 'open scale,' I assume you're referring to an E Major scale (tonic note is the open E string) although really there's a plethora of scales that can be played in open position.
Most of guitar playing is repetition. Good hand technique (both fretting and picking, even though a lot of players seem to forget about their right hand) is primarily learned through practicing. Same goes for hand speed - drilling scales and arpeggios is the best way by far of improving both speed and precision for either hand. Aside from that, playing along to different music gives you a good sense of how to put it all into practice, rather than just practicing all this stuff in a vacuum. Pick your favourite band, grab some tabs and off you go.
Re: the ukulele video, that's pretty damn hardcore. Ever seen what the fret spacing is like on one of those things?
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I wake up in the morning more tired than before I slept
I get through cryin' and I'm sadder than before I wept
I get through thinkin' now, and the thoughts have left my head
I get through speakin' and I can't remember, not a word that I said
- Ben Harper, Show Me A Little Shame
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