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Many steering systems affect location as well. If the steering tie rods are located in the front of the knuckle, then the calipers will be located toward the rear of the centerline. For those vehicles like the Z and the cooper, where their steering knuckle is at the REAR of the centerline, the calipers had to be relocated to the front. Dynamic force has no affect on their strength or stopping power. Also as was said before, cooling has a major contributing factor.
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Yes all true....
But look at the first 6 pictures of supercars and they are alll in the same place, which was one part of the question...
Ans: Low polar moment of inertia (reducing flywheel/pendulum effect whe cornering, as was said above, but in different words)
In other words, a bit silly spending $£$£$£ building a rear or mid-engined car (for low polar MoI) and then sticking 4 heavy blobs as far away from the middle as possible, engineers would take the mickey and do this
So the front ones go at the rear of their disc and the rear ones go at the front of their disc... then sort the steering arms and rack out later, which due to driver feet position has to be quite well forward anyway. The disc is also being cooled better in clear air at the front without the caliper in the way,
On motorbikes, caliper positioning on the forks (front back) can have a large effect on braking behaviour and handling (but not on pure braking effect of course)...
All IMHO
