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Tilted Cat Head
Administrator
Location: Manhattan, NY
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Drugs in Labour
Little research has been done into the long-term effects of Demerol. However, infants with high Demerol exposure were more likely to cry when handled on days seven, 21 and 42, as were those with a high cord-blood concentration on day 21. Demerol also reduced the infant's ability to quiet himself once aroused. This was still observed at three and six weeks (Belsey, 1981). It is interesting that researchers consider three to six weeks to be "long-term." Our definition would be in years.
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So babies who have been free birthed or have had no demerol are not more likely to cry when handled on days seven, 21, and 42???? WTF is that???
Babies cry. That's how they communicate since they have no other method of alerting the mother of hunger or issue.
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In a well-designed case control study at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm in 1990, researchers compared children exposed to pain-relieving drugs in labour with those who were not exposed and discovered an increased risk of drug addiction later in life (Jacobson et al., 1990). In 1988 they showed that when nitrous oxide was given to the mother the child was five and one-half times more likely to become an amphetamine addict than a brother or sister born to the same parents. In their paper in the British Medical Journal(1990), patients who had died from opiate addiction were compared with brothers and sisters; the researchers found that if the mothers had been given opiates or barbiturates or larger doses of nitrous oxide, the risk to the child of opiate addiction in later life was increased 4.7 times. In a further study, researchers discovered that the risk of drug addiction was related to the hospital in which they were born. In other words, the likelihood of a child developing drug addiction in later life depended on the labour ward policies of the hospital the mother chose for the birth, and I quote: "For the amphetamine addicts, hospital of birth was found to be an important risk factor even after controlling for residential area" (Nyberg, 1993). Jacobson and Nyberg’s research suggests that the use of opiates, barbiturates and nitrous oxide in labour causes imprinting in the babies, and we are now reaping the whirlwind.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimated that one out of every nine American children is significantly learning disabled despite having normal intelligence. Seventy-five percent of these children are born at full term into middle- and upper-class families. The U.S. National Institute of Health estimates that 75 percent to 85 percent of all disabled children in the United States were born within the normal range of birth weight and gestational age and had no familial or sociologic predisposing factors (Haire, 1989).
In 1984, Desmond Bardon suggested that a significant proportion of the millions of children and youths in the United States who are afflicted with significant mental and neurologic dysfunction are the victims of obstetric medications administered with the very best of intentions to the mother during labour and birth in medicalised maternity units. Not only have Bardon’s concerns not been addressed, but since that time even more women and babies have been subjected to high levels of drugs in pregnancy and labour, and little has been done to investigate the possibility that the huge increases in drug addiction and associated crime are a direct result of the drugs used on the labour wards. While various agencies work hard to pull the bodies out of the river, no one is investigating who is pushing them in upstream. It is time they did.
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Jacobson, B. et al. (1990). Opiate addiction in adult offspring through possible imprinting after obstetric treatment. British Medical Journal, 301:1067-1070
Subjects and methods
ADDICTS AND CONTROLS
The birth records for 200 opiate addicts born in Stockholm during 1945-66 were gathered from three
sources: (a) 41 opiate addicts identified when interviewing probands at the Stockholm County Custody
for a study of amphetamine addiction6 (of the total of 260 addicts of then unknown drug preference asked to participate, 11 (4-2%) refused and birth records could not be found for one opiate addict (2 4%)); (b) all 75 unambiguous cases of death from opiate addiction for which necropsies had been performed at the State Institute of Forensic Medicine in Stockholm during 1978-88, and in which, according to medical records at the county custody, the subjects had been categorised as opiate users (among a total of 80 subjects, birth records could not be retrieved for five (6 3%)); and (c) 84 opiate addicts accepted for the methadone programme at the Ulleraker Hospital (the first subjects responding were included to obtain the required total of 200 subjects; of a total of 120, another 31 (26%) were
originally considered for participation but not included, and of 89 addicts the birth records were missing for five (5-6%).
Two hundred and sixty two siblings were born in Stockholm during 1945-66, of whom, 24 were also
drug addicts or had been brought up outside the family, and they were consequently excluded from the
study. For eight of the remaining siblings, birth records could not be retrieved, yielding 230 siblings for
comparison with 139 probands who had siblings. The proportions of males among the addicts and their
siblings were 74% and 48%, respectively.
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Quote:
Nyberg, K. et al. (1993). Obstetric medication versus residential area as perinatal risk factors for subsequent adult drug addiction in offspring. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 7: 2332.
Department of Clinical Alcohol and Drug Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
In an attempt to explain pronounced uneven distributions of births of subsequent amphetamine and opiate addicts at seven hospitals in Stockholm, two possible mechanisms for adult drug addiction were weighed against each other: (1) risk factors associated with the obstetric care at the hospitals of birth of the addicts and (2) risk factors associated with the phenomenon of 'contagious' transmission of drug addiction in certain residential areas during adolescence. The subjects comprised 200 amphetamine addicts and 200 opiate addicts born between 1945 and 1966. By loglinear analysis the relative risk for future addiction was determined for eight residential areas as well as for the seven hospitals and four periods of birth. For the opiate addicts only one weak association was found for the residential area, which could not explain fully a clustering of births at any particular hospital. For the amphetamine addicts, hospital of birth was found to be an important risk factor even after controlling for residential area. Hence, the variable residential area has not been able to explain the uneven distribution of births of drug abusers among the studied hospitals
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Nyberg and Jacobsen both worked on this study together, the implication that theres is alot of research is faulty. The write up was published in 1990 and again in 1993 is from the same study.
I would also challenge that the sample of 200 is quite small in comparison to the total amount of births on record that do not result in drug addicted adults. If their findings are correct, then as lurkette suggested, you'd have a much higher drug addict rate here.
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I agree that much of the FreeBirth movement is built on emotion and mothers intuition that we are not being well served by the allopathic birth machine. We don't have any financial backers, and very few professionals support our choice for birth. We have had no scientific studies to back up our claims, and we are one of the least funded grassroots movements probably ever to exist. But we are growing, at an Alarming rate, according to the Royal College of Obstetricians in the UK. And the Canadian Docs And the Aussie Docs
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Okay, you yourself admit that it is an emotional response and mother's intution. And then further state tha you have no scientific studies to back up our claims. Why then espouse all these studies? Why pretend that there is evidence to support your claims. Either there is evidence or there isn't. You just finally came around and said that there isn't any evidence. Why the charade?
Again, we've stated before the community is about respect for people and their lifestyle decisions. But to put out blatant misrepresentation of information, someone is going to call you on it. It doesn't change the fact that we do or don't agree with your position and lifestyle choices. It also should not hinder the fact as to how we perceive you within the community, your own actions provide that.
You mentioned that it was faith that moved you to this movement. That is wonderful and your choice. If you poke around our community you'll find that there are a number of people who have monotheistic, polytheistic, athiest, and agnostic beliefs.
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I completely funded our second conference in 2001, which was attended by about 30 families and the children outnumbered the adults two to one. We didn't have some big pharmacuetical company waiting in the wings, sending money hand over fist to support us.
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Great for you. That is a benevolent endeavor. What does that have to do pharmacuetical company sponsorship? What does that have to do with any kind of sponsorship whatsoever? There are many community events that are done without any kind of coporate sponsoship. This site is a good example of one. It is entirely donor driven. Again, there are many events that are done across America that don't get any kind of sponsorship whatsoever.
But let me get to the crucial part of the last sentence, why would any pharmacuetical company want to give you any money or support you? I don't understand why you specifically state that. Again, I'll say that you are manipulating the conversation to create an emotional reponse from the reader to lead them to support you.
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The ACOG docs are probably all out playing golf, and that is why they have not jumped on the Anti Freebirth wagon train.
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Again, why this comment? What does it add to supporting your statements?
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