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And no, no country has adopted an artificial language. Esperanto has the most speakers of any of the major ones though.
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Yes, yes a country has.
Turkey created a modern "Turkish" language in order to fit in with the scholarly thinking of the time. After the breakup of the Ottoman Empire the Kamal the Turk had scholars re-invent the Turkish language.
At the time there was a European ideology that you can trace the modernity and civility of a culture by it's language. Naturally, if it had Latin or Greek grammatical structures it was more advanced. Thus was born modern Turkish.
It was thrust down the throats of the population, by the second generation severe penalties were issued to those who clung to the older Turkish version.
But Russian? No, it's an organic language.