Where there is great advances in times of conflict. There is also great regression. Where one or several countries may be advancing in the time of conflict, at the same time, they are pretty much sending other countries back to the stone age. Destroying their technology, economy, governments, killing large amounts of their population. In the end making other countries have to start over.
In time of peace there may be less motivation for advancement. But that doesn't have to be true in my mind. There are other ways for advances at times of peace. The sharing of information, and resources would allow faster advances. It would also allow for less overlapping. Though the overlapping is good for some research, it also slows down advancement in other areas.
Instead of wars, companies would run their development departments in different manners. Take NASA for example. When they develop software, they have a team of people that attempt to hack the software and another team that attempts to prevent it. It adds a sort of competition, and allows for a faster and more stable release in the end.
Though in the current state of the world, the human race has a long ways to go before we will ever be able to have true peace. In the end, we are nothing more than a tiny spec in the universe, and we are completely oblivious to if and what else is out there. At our current rate we'll kill ourselfs long before we'll be able to figure out what else there is out there.
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