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The problem of Aristotle is that he says rain IS for corn, therefore rain OUGHT to be for corn. It is the Is/ought fallacy that Hume points out.
Darwin's theory of natural selection and evolution show how chance (genetic mutations) can be formed into a rule (natural selection as a result of their benefit).
The D's theory fits in with your "Or am I wrong..." comments. And yes, Aristotle would say that it was NOT chance that rain causes corn to grow.
I don't understand what you're saying in the last paragraph, however
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He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you
-Friedrich Nietzsche
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