Having traveled, lived and worked abroad, most people in under-developed have many children as their health and life insurance policy - the more children you have, the more people you will have to take care of you when you get older and/or health fails.
As wealth increases in a country, the need for this type of "insurance policy" goes away, as it gets replaced by the monitary insurance policies and retirement plans most of us here in the States have become accustomed to. So, by increasing wealth and living conditions will only (and this has been proven time and again) decrease the birth rates in countries, thereby decreasing increasing population trends in most of these countries.
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