Do you have another tower anywhere in your house? Four screws later, you could have it plugged it into your motherboard. Still not working? Well then you've likely removed one suspect.
As far as I know, no. Without a Central Processing Unit, the motherboard does just about.. nothing. No beep codes, no fan initialization. The reason I am so curious about the CPU/motherboard in this situation is that I had a very similar problem:
Christmas '04 I got a new motherboard, CPU, case, and RAM. I carefully put the motherboard into the case, covered the CPU in artic silver thermal paste, attached the heat sink, attached the 6 case fans, plugged in the video card and hard drive, put the RAM in -- and hit the power button. Click........ click... click.. all I heard was me clicking the power button over and over hoping for something. Days later, after having tried another power supply, disconnecting the peripherals, checking the RAM.. jumping the power terminals with a screwdriver.... it still didn't work. I pulled the CPU out, cleaned off some of the thermal paste (I put on WAY too much)... carefully reseated it and reattached the heat sink -- and voila... it fired right up.
Also: try searching google for the CPU, motherboard, and CPU and motherboard. There might be a known incompatability, or someone might've had a similar problem.