I also moved from a Delphi background and you will be pleased to know you will have very few issues moving across to C#
If you want to learn about the language itself rather than specifics of ASP.NET or Windows forms using C# then I can thoroughly recommnend Inside C# (
http://www.microsoft.com/mspress/books/5861.asp) it gives a really clear and simple view of C# and the framework and is very readable.