A piccolo is smaller than a flute and has a higher tone.
But if what you are describing is a medieval instrument, there were a BUTTLOAD of those that are pretty much extinct today.
Edit:
I found this page that goes into pretty good detail about historical woodwinds.
http://www.aswltd.com/ww.htm
My personal favorite is the krumhorn
You might be describing a transverse rennaissance flute.