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It all depends on context. Are we speaking of a specific field of study? A specific field of business? Which races have the lowest population densities in those fields? Those are the races that require preference.
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OK, then it seems we have come to this wayside in the discussion.
If a race-neutral form of AA was implemented that, over time, basically equalized the socioeconomic status of the different "races," than according you we would still need AA in order to provide preference to "races" that have the lowest population density in those "fields."
So this leads to two very fundamental questions: How many "races" is one required to recognize in order to implement this AA? For example, are Aleuts a different race from, say Aztecs? From Missosukis? Are Egyptians different from Moroccans and from Haitians?
What if members of a particular "race" have never applied to a particular job in a particular company?
What if members of a particular "race" don't live near a particular company? Is the government required to keep detailed records of the race of individuals in different locales so that they can check whether they are being hired at the appropriate rate by local companies?
Are all "races" then subject to preference, if they are underrepresented in a particular field? If a small business in Atlanta has primarily "blacks" on their payroll (many exist), are they then required to institute AA in favor of "whites"?