I'm no expert on the subject, being non-religious myself. One thing I had always percieved as a fairly major difference, is that Catholics would revere and pray for the intercession of the various Saints, and from what I have seen the other Christian religions mostly ignore them or flat out disavow the concept of Sainthood.
Then again, maybe the other Christians pray to the Saints too and I just didn't know because I've never been taught the secret handshake. Anyone want to straighten me out on that issue if I'm wrong?