In order for a tsunami to form, an enormous amount of water must be displaced by an underwater landslide or earthquake. This displacement translates into a relatively small increase in wave hight, but an increasingly large length, and depth. As this huge amount of water reaches shallow (relative to wave size) water the hight increases by continued water displacement. This water comes from all directions, including before and after the wave front. Thus the removal of shallow waters as they become part of the actual tsunami.
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