It's a fairly simple exchange process originating with the early days of printing (before levels of gray existed in reproduction technology).
-Come up with your replacement images, be they dot sequences, ASCII characters, or whatever (mini pictures are neat, ala Julia Roberts' People mag cover)
-Analyze the image values for average color, brightness, or some combination.
-Now you have your gray map.
-Lay each original frame on a grid.
-Analyze each grid location and choose the matching level-of-gray replacement.
Replacements may be determined individually, or weighted by surroundings. Values within reason always create recognizable replacement images, but results can be made interesting by using different weighting methods for scanning the original and replacements.
-An old "pigs" member (printing, imaging, & graphics swine)
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