You shouldn't really need to be concerned with the input specs (120v, 60Hz -- US specs, and I suppose elsewhere in the world) as almost every electronic device you own will have those specs, unless you have bought something from overseas, or have imported products. The output specs are what you need to be concerned about, and there are two other things you need to pay attention to besides the plug's polarity, which are just as important.
1. The output voltage needs to be the same. I suppose there are circumstances where you may be able to substitute a 13.6 v transformer for a 12v transformer, but this would vary on application, and since you are asking this questions, I think it is just safer to use the same voltage.
2. You need a tranforrmer with at least the same current rating, most likely you'll see something like 300mA (300 milliamps) on the transformer. This number must be greater than or equal to the current consumption by the device it is plugged into.
Electronics may list this information somewhere on the product or in the product manual. For example my work laptop has a sticker on the bottom that lists: 16v, 3.36A. The corresponding adapter has 16v, 4.5A on it.
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