Incubation periods can be quite long, years, as was mentioned.
It should be noted, though, that in terms of testing accuracy there is also an incubation period. My information on this is a little dated, so this may have changed. Last I know the test ELISE or ELISA I think it is called, requires about 6 months from the suspected contact in order for the test to be completely accurate.
As the last poster noted, HIV and AIDS are particularly tricky because they are retroviruses, which typically mutate at a much faster rate than other viruses. This makes eradicating the strain very difficult. Although they have made remarkable progress in terms of treating the symptoms.
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