Yay for intro level psychology. Those predictive quizzes operate on the principle of "prototypical" objects. A prototypical object is one that, in most people's minds, fully and best embodies a certain group of objects, or that they are at least the most familiar with, and stands out.
A carrot is a very "vegetably" vegetable, and stands out from all the leafy greens and everything else by being brightly coloured. Of those who don't say "carrot", the majority would probably say "lettuce", or "broccoli".
With the hammer and colour, same thing; a hammer is a basic, familiar, and very "tool-like" tool. Red is a bright colour, as well as being a primary colour. Therefore, they're both very likely to be the answer.
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