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One point I wanted to make about the original post: At least in science, we don't have theories based on the one before. What we have is a period of time where one theory holds sway, a sudden revolution, and then a new theory holding sway, and these theories speak very different languages (perhaps even radically different languages.) Copericanism isn't really based on Aristotelianism; Relativity Physics isn't really based on Newtonian physics. Kuhn gives a great account of this in his book.
And, of course, the same is true to a much greater extent in philosophy.
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"Die Deutschen meinen, daß die Kraft sich in Härte und Grausamkeit offenbaren müsse, sie unterwerfen sich dann gerne und mit Bewunderung:[...]. Daß es Kraft giebt in der Milde und Stille, das glauben sie nicht leicht."
"The Germans believe that power must reveal itself in hardness and cruelty and then submit themselves gladly and with admiration[...]. They do not believe readily that there is power in meekness and calm."
-- Friedrich Nietzsche
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