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At the beginning of the 20th century nationalism rised in europe. I think thats a big influence in those conflict, maybe not the starting point but a big one.
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To have nationalism you have to have a nation to begin with, and usually distinct natural borders. This would be considered cultural pride more than nationalism, because the area never had any distinct natural borders, but VERY clear cultural borders.
These were caused by the Muslim invasion, as well as the split in Christian church, all three had its roots for hundreds of years.