There are many different schools of Gnostic thought, but the basic idea boils down to the notion that salvation is obtained not through good works or believing in Jesus, but gaining certain knowledge. Generally this would be the knowledge that we are perfect spiritual beings trapped in an imperfect material world. Gnosticism relies heavily on personal mystical experience and revelation of God. Philip K. Dick had such personal mystical experiences in his life and later incorporated them into some of his works, such as Valis and Radio Free Albemuth (I've not read the Transmigration).
While the beliefs accompanying Gnosticism can range from semi-Christian to way-out, the core of it is always anamnesis, or the un-forgetting of our true nature.
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Anamnesis
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