there are additional things to consider when considering about the bomb:
japan is a series of islands, we all know how bitter island fighting in the pacific was, and if you imagine every person on that island, including women and children raising arms, then everyone would have suffered alot more.
japan was an incrediably powerful nation in it's hayday, like lord jeebus said, the fact that the americans demanded an unconditional surrender really didn't help the japanese save face. it's like france demanding that britain hand over it's crown (and it has done several times), we won't have it, and the people would fight bitterly to make sure it didn't happen.
basically, america pushed themselves into further bloodshed by not giving some leway.
to further clarify my point earlier about how the japanese would react if they knew the americans didn't have another bomb ready (originally they thought that the next target would be tokyo, so to avoid more death, they surrendered, FSOA):
you've just had over 100,000 of your fellow countrymen murdered in cold blood in the blink of an eye by an evil invading power intent on destorying your way of life. you find out that they don't have anymore, and their soldiers are on your doorstep.
so, you break out the bolt action rifle, and charge at these god forsaken animals in the name of those that died.
remember, history is written by the victors.
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