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Personally I find it interesting that the wealthy western world is experiencing a fair bit of underpopulation. The countries with the biggest population increases seem to be third world countries.
This raises the question: what cultural elements are causing this? Is it democracy, widespread literacy, technology based economies and wealth that cause population decline. Or something else?
If it is, do you tackle overpopulation by getting the third world societies up to the level of first world western societies? Maybe, but remember that population decline can be a bad thing too, a kind of social and economic stagnation. They'll have to embrace some elements and not others. Stability is the key.
So if you have some countries with too many people and some countries with too few people, one answer is going to be immigration. But if the west isn't receptive to the necessity for SENSIBLE immigration programs, you'll get inevitable instability in both the first and third world.
If immigration is to be any help at all it has to be about integration and education; not about creating a resented and resentful underclass.
This is just a way of managing the issue though, not a total solution.
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